Showing papers on "Personality published in 2021"
TL;DR: The database allows the multimodal study of the affective responses of individuals in relation to their personality and mood, and with respect to the social context and videos’ duration, and presents a detailed correlation analysis of the different dimensions.
Abstract: We present AMIGOS– A dataset for Multimodal research of affect, personality traits and mood on Individuals and GrOupS. Different to other databases, we elicited affect using both short and long videos in two social contexts, one with individual viewers and one with groups of viewers. The database allows the multimodal study of the affective responses, by means of neuro-physiological signals of individuals in relation to their personality and mood, and with respect to the social context and videos’ duration. The data is collected in two experimental settings. In the first one, 40 participants watched 16 short emotional videos. In the second one, the participants watched 4 long videos, some of them alone and the rest in groups. The participants’ signals, namely, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), were recorded using wearable sensors. Participants’ frontal HD video and both RGB and depth full body videos were also recorded. Participants emotions have been annotated with both self-assessment of affective levels (valence, arousal, control, familiarity, liking and basic emotions) felt during the videos as well as external-assessment of levels of valence and arousal. We present a detailed correlation analysis of the different dimensions as well as baseline methods and results for single-trial classification of valence and arousal, personality traits, mood and social context. The database is made publicly available.
312 citations
TL;DR: It is found that higher neuroticism and extroversion were associated with higher levels of stress during the Pandemic and a greater increase in stress levels compared to levels before the pandemic, and that stress management interventions need to be personality specific.
168 citations
TL;DR: In insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic, age moderated several trait-response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of CO VID-19.
Abstract: This study examined the associations between personality traits and psychological and behavioural responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Personality was assessed in January/February 2020 when the public was not aware of the spread of coronavirus in the USA. Participants were reassessed in late March 2020 with four sets of questions about the pandemic: concerns, precautions, preparatory behaviours, and duration estimates. The sample consisted of N = 2066 participants (mean age = 51.42; range = 18-98; 48.5% women). Regression models were used to analyse the data with age, gender, education, race, and ethnicity as covariates. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was related to more concerns and longer duration estimates related to COVID-19, higher extraversion was related to shorter duration estimates, and higher conscientiousness was associated with more precautions. In contrast to the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was associated with fewer precautions and unrelated to preparatory behaviours. Age moderated several trait-response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of COVID-19. For example, older adults high in conscientiousness prepared more. The present findings provide insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of educational levels, gender, and personality traits on online learning outcomes was investigated through a mixed design and it was concluded that postgraduates outperformed undergraduates in online learning, learners with strong personality traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to a new experience outperformed those with strong extraversion and neuroticism.
Abstract: With the rampant pandemic of COVID-19, an increasing number of people are acquiring knowledge through online learning approaches. This study aims to investigate how to improve online learning effectiveness during this special time. Through a mixed design, this study revealed the effect of educational levels, gender, and personality traits on online learning outcomes. It was concluded that postgraduates (N = 599) outperformed undergraduates (N = 553) in online learning, learners (N = 1152) with strong personality traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to a new experience outperformed those with strong extraversion and neuroticism. Future research could improve interpersonal interactions and encourage learners to post words in the online discussion forum, focus on how to design scaffolding online learning and how to improve the quality and dynamic of the online contents, and highlight blended learning rather than either merely online or traditional face-to-face learning.
93 citations
TL;DR: Resilience may be a major protective factor required for an adaptive response of an individual in stressful situations such as pandemic and the associated lockdown.
90 citations
TL;DR: Examining how neuroticism, extraversion, and emotion regulation were related to loneliness and well-being during 6 weeks of major public life restrictions in the Covid-19 pandemic in Switzerland suggests that extraversion may lose some of its protective value for loneliness andWell-being when opportunities to engage in social activities are limited.
Abstract: The present study examined how neuroticism, extraversion, and emotion regulation were related to loneliness and well-being during 6 weeks of major public life restrictions in the Covid-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Cross-sectional results from 466 participants showed that neuroticism and emotion regulation strategies were associated with higher loneliness and lower well-being. However, in contrast to prior research, associations of extraversion with loneliness and well-being were weak and were qualified by interactions with emotion regulation. For introverts, maladaptive cognitive strategies such as rumination or catastrophizing were related to higher levels of loneliness. For extraverts, emotion suppression was related to lower levels of affective well-being. Individuals with low maladaptive regulation reported higher well-being the longer the public life restrictions were in place at the time of study participation. These findings suggest that first, extraversion may lose some of its protective value for loneliness and well-being when opportunities to engage in social activities are limited; second, that loneliness and well-being do not decrease over 6 weeks of public life restrictions; and third, that future studies should further investigate the moderating role of emotion regulation on the link between personality, loneliness, and well-being.
82 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that consumer personality can be predicted during contextual interactions, and that chatbots can be manipulated to ‘assume a personality’ using response language, which had a positive impact on consumer engagement with chatbots and purchasing outcomes for interactions involving social gain.
80 citations
Wake Forest University1, Arizona State University2, Utrecht University3, University of Nottingham4, Michigan State University5, University of Toronto6, University of Waterloo7, University of Minnesota8, University of Miami9, Ruhr University Bochum10, Colorado State University11, Western Washington University12, University of Connecticut13, Tilburg University14
TL;DR: It is proposed that posttraumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change-an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.
Abstract: Objective
Posttraumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that posttraumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change—an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.
Method
We outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post‐traumatic growth.
Results
We provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity.
Conclusion
We are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability and causal processes underlying post‐traumatic growth.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of a 3-mo digital personality change intervention using a randomized controlled trial and the smartphone application PEACH (PErsonality coACH).
Abstract: Personality traits predict important life outcomes, such as success in love and work life, well-being, health, and longevity. Given these positive relations to important outcomes, economists, policy makers, and scientists have proposed intervening to change personality traits to promote positive life outcomes. However, nonclinical interventions to change personality traits are lacking so far in large-scale naturalistic populations. This study (n = 1,523) examined the effects of a 3-mo digital personality change intervention using a randomized controlled trial and the smartphone application PEACH (PErsonality coACH). Participants who received the intervention showed greater self-reported changes compared to participants in the waitlist control group who had to wait 1 mo before receiving the intervention. Self-reported changes aligned with intended goals for change and were significant for those desiring to increase on a trait (d = 0.52) and for those desiring to decrease on a trait (d = -0.58). Observers such as friends, family members, or intimate partners also detected significant personality changes in the desired direction for those desiring to increase on a trait (d = 0.35). Observer-reported changes for those desiring to decrease on a trait were not significant (d = -0.22). Moreover, self- and observer-reported changes persisted until 3 mo after the end of the intervention. This work provides the strongest evidence to date that normal personality traits can be changed through intervention in nonclinical samples.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of basic (Big Five and HEXACO) and specific (Dark Factor) factors in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Abstract: Individuals and institutions around the world have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of basic (Big Five and HEXACO) and specific (Dark Factor...
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between CINEVs and WTBEVs by accommodating the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits, and uncovered an interesting role of personality traits in propagating EV development.
Abstract: Being an energy-efficient mode of transportation, electric vehicles (EVs) adoption is a multifaceted mechanism driven by a bunch of factors. However, studies focusing on assessing the influence of personality traits on consumers' information about EVs (CINEVs) and willingness to buy (WTB) EVs are scarce. This study investigates the relationship between CINEVs and WTBEVs by accommodating the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits. Results are based on a sample of 624 respondents in the seven largest Indian cities by employing a comprehensive questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling is used to test the formulated hypotheses. The results highlight that CINEVs is directly related to WTBEVs. We further add to the existing pool of knowledge by providing empirical evidence that openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness positively moderate the relationship between CINEVs and WTBEVs, whereas neuroticism negatively moderates this relationship. The results uncovered an interesting role of personality traits in propagating EV development.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of demographics and personality traits on adaptive and maladaptive coping responses in the COVID-19 pandemic in North American young adults and found that personality indirectly linked a broader range of demographic factors (income, age, gender, having children) with coping responses.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied gender differences of university students in the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in psychological, nutritional, oral health, and physical activity habits.
Abstract: The actual COVID-19 pandemic scenario has generated a context of uncertainty, helplessness, and inequality Yet, the perception of COVID-19 risk has influenced nutritional, psychological, and physical activity patterns depending on gender We conducted the present research with the aim of studying gender differences of university students in the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in psychological, nutritional, oral health, and physical activity habits To reach the study's aim, 300 volunteer university students completed an online questionnaire which analyzed variables of perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological profiles, and nutritional, oral health, and physical activity habits Results showed that females presented a higher perception of danger to the COVID-19 virus than males but showed no differences in how the pandemic has affected personal lives Females showed higher values of anxiety, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, while males presented higher values of extraversion Nutritionally, males presented greater consumption of soft drinks, meat, and pasta or rice, and lower buccal hygiene Yet, no differences were found regarding physical activity patterns Results from the present study could be used by various educational institutions to implement multidisciplinary interventions to reduce the stress and risk perception
TL;DR: The externalizing superspectrum is one aspect of the general approach to psychopathology offered by HiTOP and can make diagnostic classification more useful in both research and the clinic as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cluster analysis was performed to identify the psychological attributes that characterize individuals with similar psychological responses to the COVID-19 home confinement and investigate whether different psychological characteristics, such as personality traits, alexithymia, and resilience, specifically influence anxiety, stress, and depression, depending on the scope of the confinement.
Abstract: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries worldwide have put lockdowns in place to prevent the virus from spreading. Evidence shows that lockdown measures can affect mental health; it is, therefore, important to identify the psychological characteristics making individuals more vulnerable. The present study aimed, first, to identify, through a cluster analysis, the psychological attributes that characterize individuals with similar psychological responses to the COVID-19 home confinement; second, to investigate whether different psychological characteristics, such as personality traits, alexithymia, and resilience, specifically influence anxiety, stress, and depression, depending on the scope of the confinement. We analyzed data from 393 participants who completed an online survey on their experiences during two different phases of the Italian lockdown, characterized by more or less strict measures of confinement. Two clusters were identified which included participants reporting a better (+ER) and worse (-ER) emotional response to the lockdown, respectively. Individuals in the -ER group showed lower emotional stability, resilience, and higher alexithymia. Moreover, even if lifting part of the restrictions decreased psychological distress among all participants, a reduction in perceived stress was observed only among individuals with high resilience. Finally, personality traits, alexithymia, and resilience differently affected depression, anxiety, and stress. Our results suggest that different psychological interventions should be planned depending on the context: mental health professionals should focus on enhancing the individuals' coping strategies to alleviate stress in emergencies, while long-term intervention aiming at alleviating anxiety and depressive symptoms should focus on alexithymic tendencies and personality constructs.
TL;DR: The authors conducted a literature review of more than 1535 articles to investigate the prevalence of scientific evidence regarding these potential DBS-induced changes and found a critical lack of primary empirical studies corroborating these claims.
Abstract: The idea that deep brain stimulation (DBS) induces changes to personality, identity, agency, authenticity, autonomy and self (PIAAAS) is so deeply entrenched within neuroethics discourses that it has become an unchallenged narrative. In this article, we critically assess evidence about putative effects of DBS on PIAAAS. We conducted a literature review of more than 1535 articles to investigate the prevalence of scientific evidence regarding these potential DBS-induced changes. While we observed an increase in the number of publications in theoretical neuroethics that mention putative DBS-induced changes to patients’ postoperative PIAAAS, we found a critical lack of primary empirical studies corroborating these claims. Our findings strongly suggest that the theoretical neuroethics debate on putative effects of DBS relies on very limited empirical evidence and is, instead, reliant on unsubstantiated speculative assumptions probably in lieu of robust evidence. As such, this may reflect the likelihood of a speculative neuroethics bubble that may need to be deflated. Nevertheless, despite the low number of first-hand primary studies and large number of marginal and single case reports, potential postoperative DBS changes experienced by patients remain a critical ethical concern. We recommend further empirical research in order to enhance theoretical neuroethics work in the area. In particular, we call for the development of better instruments capable of capturing potential postoperative variations of PIAAAS.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of the type of relationship consumers build with AI-enabled chatbots on brand personality perception, parasocial interaction (PSI), and CRM.
TL;DR: Extending interactionist principles and targeting situational specificity of trait performance linkages, trait activation theory (TAT) posits personality traits are expressed as valued work behavio... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Extending interactionist principles and targeting situational specificity of trait–performance linkages, trait activation theory (TAT) posits personality traits are expressed as valued work behavio...
TL;DR: Theoretically, the findings demonstrate that individual differences predict behavior even when governments take strong action targeting that behavior, and Practically, they suggest that even if governments lift their shelter-in-place restrictions, some individuals will shelter- in-place less than others.
Abstract: The spread of COVID-19 within any given country or community at the onset of the pandemic depended in part on the sheltering-in-place rate of its citizens. The pandemic led us to revisit one of psychology's most fundamental and most basic questions in a high-stakes context: what determines human behavior? Adopting a Lewinian interactionist lens, we investigate the independent and joint effects of macrolevel government policies and microlevel psychological factors-that is, personality-on whether individuals sheltered-in-place. We analyzed data collected in late March and early April 2020 from 101,005 participants in 55 countries, a time period that coincided with the early and accelerating stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. This time period also contained substantial variation in the stringency of governmental policy toward sheltering-in-place, both between countries and within each country over time. Analyses revealed that personality and the stringency of governmental policies independently predicted sheltering-in-place rates. Policy stringency was positively related to sheltering-in-place. For the personality dimensions, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism all predicted higher rates of sheltering-in-place, whereas Extraversion was negatively related to staying at home. In addition, two personality traits-Openness to Experience and Neuroticism-interacted with governmental policy to predict whether individuals sheltered-in-place; openness and neuroticism each had weaker effects on sheltering-in-place as governmental policies became stricter. Theoretically, the findings demonstrate that individual differences predict behavior (i.e., sheltering-in-place) even when governments take strong action targeting that behavior. Practically, they suggest that even if governments lift their shelter-in-place restrictions, some individuals will shelter-in-place less than others. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: This study explores how personality, trust, privacy concerns, and prior experiences affectCustomer experience performance perceptions and the combinations of these factors that lead to high customer experience performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the mechanisms of two sub-dimensions of consumer innovativeness, i.e., social and hedonist, across high and low-involvement sustainable product domains.
TL;DR: It is shown that the inclusion of LPF in the AMPD is well justified if it is defined as a general adaptive failure of a subjective intrapsychic system needed to fulfill adult life tasks and distinguishes itself from maladaptive traits.
Abstract: Level of Personality Functioning (LPF) represents the entry criterion (Criterion A) of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It is defined as a dimensional general severity criterion common to all personality disorders and conceptually independent of personality types or traits, and it represents maladaptive self (identity and self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy and intimacy) functioning. We review the history, measurement, and significance of LPF. We show that the inclusion of LPF in the AMPD is well justified if it is defined as a general adaptive failure of a subjective intrapsychic system needed to fulfill adult life tasks. If so defined, LPF distinguishes itself from maladaptive traits (Criterion B of the AMPD) and captures the contribution humans make as agentic authors to the interpretation and management of the self. While Criterion B maladaptive traits provide important descriptive nuance to manifestations of personality pathology, maladaptive LPF is conditional to the diagnosis of personality disorder.
TL;DR: A novel music recommendation technique based on the identification of personality traits, moods, and emotions of a single user, starting from solid psychological observations recognized by the analysis of user behavior within a social environment is described.
Abstract: Nowadays, recommender systems have become essential to users for finding “what they need” within large collections of items. Meanwhile, recent studies have demonstrated as user personality can effectively provide a more valuable information to significantly improve recommenders’ performance, especially considering behavioral data captured from social network logs. In this work, we describe a novel music recommendation technique based on the identification of personality traits, moods, and emotions of a single user, starting from solid psychological observations recognized by the analysis of user behavior within a social environment. In particular, users’ personality and mood have been embedded within a content-based filtering approach to obtain more accurate and dynamic results. Several experiments are then reported to show effectiveness of user personality and mood recognition recommendation, thus, encouraging research in this direction.
TL;DR: Examination of the relationships of personality traits and trait emotional intelligence (EI) with compassion and self-compassion in samples of Italian workers revealed that trait EI explained variance beyond that accounted for by personality traits in relation to both compassion andSelf-Compassion.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the link between proactive personality and creative behavior by focusing on employee thriving at work as a mediator Data from 438 employees and their supervisors were collected and examined by conducting structural equation modeling.
Abstract: This study examines the link between proactive personality and creative behavior by focusing on employee thriving at work as a mediator Data from 438 employees and their supervisors were collected and examined by conducting structural equation modeling This analysis revealed that employee thriving at work fully mediates the relationship between proactive personality and creative behavior Additionally, the results showed that the perceived presence of high-involvement human resources (HR) practices in the organization enhances the tendency of proactive individuals to thrive at work The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for theory and practice as well as on directions for future research
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the associations of age, gender, and personality with the fear of missing out on exciting or interesting events and found no gender differences in experiencing FoMO.
TL;DR: Matched messages led to increased intentions to engage with the post when they addressed specific persuasive susceptibilities (particularly toward authority influence), but there were no consistent effects on consumers' attitudes toward the advertised products.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the effect of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological wellbeing (PWB).
Abstract: The current study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) and whether the pandemic moderated the effect of perso...
TL;DR: The overall level of personality disorder severity indicates risk of negative outcomes and may be used as decision tool for ‘personalized medicine’ and required treatment intensity and beyond the ICD-11 guidelines for determining Personality disorder severity.
Abstract: Purpose of review The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition (ICD-11) classifies personality disturbance according to levels of severity. This article reviews the literature on levels of personality functioning in relation to clinical management and treatment, and proposes how these findings apply to the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders. Recent findings Findings were primarily derived from studies using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS), Kernberg's Level of Personality Organization, and the general P-factor of personality disorder. Severity of personality dysfunction is related to treatment outcome, risk of dropout, therapeutic alliance, readiness for treatment, risk of harm to self or others, risk of dissociation and psychotic-like breaks, coherence in narrative identity, reflective functioning, and epistemic trust. Summary The overall level of personality disorder severity indicates risk of negative outcomes and may be used as decision tool for 'personalized medicine' and required treatment intensity (e.g., strength of alliance and the need for establishing epistemic trust). Beyond the ICD-11 guidelines for determining personality disorder severity, these implications also apply to practitioners using comparable frameworks such as the DSM-5 LPFS and Kernberg's Level of Personality Organization. Future research should focus on the interaction of severity with trait qualifiers in relation to clinical management.