Showing papers on "Trickling filter published in 2019"

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds in off-gas mixture from a wastewater treatment plant using a two-stage bio-trickling filter system

Abstract: Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) in off-gas mixture from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is difficult due to the occasional inhibitory effects of H2S on VOSC degradation. In this study, a two-stage bio-trickling filter (BTF) system was developed to treat off-gas mixture from a real WWTP facility. At an empty bed retention time of 40 s, removal efficiencies of H2S, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide were 90.1, 88.4, 85.8, and 61.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of lifting load shock on system performance was investigated and results indicated that removal ofboth H2S and VOSCs was slightly affected. Illumina Miseq sequencing revealed that the microbial community of first-stage BTF contained high abundance of H2S-affinity genera including Acidithiobacillus (51.43%), Metallibacterium (25.35%), and Thionomas (8.08%). Analysis of mechanism demonstrated that first stage of BTF removed 86.1% of H2S, mitigating the suppression on VOSC degradation in second stage of BTF. Overall, the two-stage BTF system, an innovative bioprocess, can simultaneously remove H2S and VOSC.

Removal Methods of Heavy Metals from Laboratory Wastewater

Abstract: The removal of heavy metals from the environment is the special concern due to their persistence without degradation. Methods for treating laboratory and industrial wastewater containing heavy metals often involve technologies for reduction of toxicity in order to meet technology-based treatment standards. Physico-chemical removal processes such as; adsorption on new adsorbents, ion exchange, membrane filtration, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration were discussed. Their advantages and drawbacks in application were evaluated. In the processes of biological treatments microorganisms play a role of settling solids in the solution. Activated sludge, trickling filters, stabilization ponds are widely used for treating industrial wastewater. Bioadsorption is a new biological method and various low cost bioadsorbents (agricultural waste, forest waste, industrial waste, algae etc.) are used for maximum removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioadsorption techniques are eco friendly best solutions for removing heavy metals from wastewater rather than physic-chemical methods. But chemical methods are most suitable treatments for toxic inorganic compounds produced from various industries which cannot removed from any biological and physical techniques. Keywords: Heavy metals; removal techniques; Bioadsorption; physico-chemical treatments DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-2-04

Combined chemically enhanced primary sedimentation and biofiltration process for low cost municipal wastewater treatment.

Abstract: The main objective of wastewater treatment is to remove carbon and other nutrients from municipal and industrial effluents in order to protect the environment and human health. Typical wastewater t...

Trickling filter in a biocathode microbial fuel cell for efficient wastewater treatment and energy production

Abstract: Aiming to reduce the energy input, oxygen supply by trickling filter was employed in a biocathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) to examine its performance of electricity production and sewage treatment. During batch operation, trickling MFC (TMFC) could start and aerate effectively (DO>3.60 mg/L). During continuous operation, TMFC produced a maximum current density of 71.8 A/m3 and maximum power density of 26.2 W/m3 under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h. By increasing the HRT to 15 h, 90.6% of COD and 99.0% of ammonia in simulated domestic sewage were efficiently removed and the maximum power density was 19.4 W/m3. Continuous purification of real municipal wastewater achieved 85.9% of COD removal rate and 91.6% of ammonia removal rate. Sequencing result of biocathodic microorganisms indicated that it consisted of four major classes and the dominant class was γ-proteobacteria, which accounted for up to 84.38%. The dominant genus was Acinetobacter, which accounted for 57.81%. The phylogenetic tree showed different relationships among the 19 species of biocathode microorganisms and the predominant species was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

From Conventional Activated Sludge Process to Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactors: Scope, Applications, and Challenges

Abstract: In the midst of increasing global production of domestic wastewater over the years, the treatment capacities did not show promising increments to keep up with it. Traditionally, biological treatment systems such as wetlands, conventional activated sludge (CAS), trickling filter processes, and rotating biological reactors were used to treat these wastewaters. The capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of the process play a critical role in the final system selection. During the past decade, membrane bioreactor (MBR) has progressively replaced these biological wastewater treatment systems. For example, the most advanced form of MBRs called membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) could be operated with higher energy efficiency of 70% compared to CAS process. Moreover, even at a low footprint, MBRs could achieve a high volume of treatment in existing area with records of up to 50% extra capacity. Following these MBR systems, the next technological innovation was membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), which uses the bubbleless aeration through the lumen of fiber membrane. The bubbleless aeration, in fact, assists the smooth growth of microorganisms compared to the bubbled aeration in CAS process which often interferes with the microbial growth in the system. Apart from providing diffused aeration, the membrane also serves as attachment medium for microorganisms that consume organics and nitrogen, thereby purifying the wastewater. Thus, within a single reactor, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are achieved. The MABRs have been successful in the treatment of variety of pollutants such as landfill leachate, pharmaceutical wastewater, ammonia-rich wastewater, domestic wastewater, and anaerobic digestion liquor. In addition, their applications have flourished for the treatment of high carbon and nitrogen wastewater, volatile organic compounds, and xenobiotic components. However, the major limitation of this process is maintaining optimal biofilm thickness on the membrane surface and scaling-up mechanisms to real scale plants.

Application of Trickling Filter and Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland Bed to Treat Sewage from Craft Brewery

Abstract: In Poland, as well as worldwide, an increase in craft beer production can be observed. In the last several years, more than 150 of such breweries have appeared and according to Polish Brewery Association, their number might ultimately reach 500. Many of them emerge in the areas with no access to a central sewerage system so they have to solve the problem of waste management on their own. The article presents the results of research on the possibility of using a hybrid system for biological treatment of sewage from craft breweries. The sewage came from a craft brewery Waszczukowe located in the Podlaskie province. A laboratory scale model consisted of a trickling filter (TF) (research model Gunt CE701e) and vertical flow constructed wetland (SS-VF). Innovative filling (Certyd produced by LSA company) of TF and SS VF was applied. The conducted study included determining the changes in the sewage parameters during hybrid treatment, as well as TF and SS VF efficiency separately. The aim of the research was to show the possibility of treating sewage to a point when it was possible to discharge it to a receiver, in compliance with the Polish legal regulations. The research results might be used in designing a treatment system or sewage pretreatment in craft breweries. The average efficiency of TF operating with 100% recirculation was 76% for BOD5, 80% for COD, 26% for TN and 34% for TP, while the total treatment efficiency of a hybrid system (TF and SS-VF) was 98%, 98%, 72% and 77%, respectively. The load of TF during operation with recirculation was on average 0.38 kg BOD5 m -2d-1, 0.57 kg COD m-2 d-1. The load of SS-VF was on average 0.09 kg BOD5 m -2 d-1 and 0.12 kg COD m-2d-1. The obtained results of hybrid treatment permitted to discharge the sewage to the receiver.

Economic Analysis: Trickling Filter/Activated Sludge or Nitrifying Trickling Filter/Activated Sludge?

Abstract: The performance and economic simulation and modeling are crucial for accurate and rapid designing, construction, and forecasting future economic needs of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs). In this study, combined nitrifying trickling filter/activated sludge (NTF/AS) process was suggested for the modernization of a MWWTP and the performance and economics of MWWTPs based on the combined TF/AS process and combined NTF/AS process were analyzed and compared. In real, the performance, total project construction, total operation labor, total maintenance labor, total material, total chemical, total energy, and total amortization costs of these proposed MWWTPs were calculated and compared. Under the used design criteria and operational conditions in this study, the project construction cost of the MWWTP based on TF/AS was 15.25 % higher than that of the MWWTP based on NTF/AS. Also, MWWTP based on NTF/AS was cost effective and the material and amortization costs for both plants were higher in comparison with the operation, maintenance, energy, and chemical costs. It is necessary to note that this study is a computer simulation for a case and drawing general conclusions only on the basis of this simulation may be insufficient.

Removal of reduced sulfur compounds from diluted gas streams by iron(III)EDTA in a trickling filter with in situ iron re‐oxidation

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The relatively low solubility of reduced sulfur compounds can limit their removal in trickling filters treating large volumes of air at low residence times. This could be overcome by addition of an oxidizing agent. In this study, the oxidative absorption of reduced sulfur compounds – hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methanethiol (CH₃SH) and dimethyl sulfide (CH₃S₂CH₃) – in a high‐porosity trickling filter with added iron chelated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was examined. The process was observed online by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS). RESULTS: Removal efficiencies of H₂S remained in the range 80–99% for all combinations of operating parameters tested. The removal efficiency of CH₃SH was found to be limited compared to this, with removal efficiencies ranging from 10% to 74% and a strong dependence on gas flow rate and residence time was observed; CH₃S₂CH₃ was found to be inactive. The FeEDTA solutions were prepared from ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) as solutions of this compound were more stable than solutions prepared from ferric salts. Oxygen present in the gas stream allowed oxidation of Fe²⁺EDTA to Fe³⁺EDTA in situ, making regeneration prior to experimental runs unnecessary. To maintain high removal efficiencies during start‐up, pH should be kept above 7. CONCLUSION: Chelated iron catalysts could be effectively applied for H₂S removal in a one‐step trickling filter process treating low‐concentration (<3.5 ppm) and diluted waste gas streams, which are characteristic for environmental waste treatment facilities and livestock houses. However, removal of other reduced sulfur compounds important for deodorization was found to be limited. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Community Structure Analyses of Anodic Biofilms in a Bioelectrochemical System Combined with an Aerobic Reactor

Abstract: Bioelectrochemical system (BES)-based reactors have a limited range of use, especially in aerobic conditions, because these systems usually produce current from exoelectrogenic bacteria that are strictly anaerobic. However, some mixed cultures of bacteria in aerobic reactors can form surface biofilms that may produce anaerobic conditions suitable for exoelectrogenic bacteria to thrive. In this study, we combined a BES with an aerobic trickling filter (TF) reactor for wastewater treatment and found that the BES-TF setup could produce electricity with a coulombic efficiency of up to 15% from artificial wastewater, even under aerobic conditions. The microbial communities within biofilms formed at the anodes of BES-TF reactors were investigated using high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Efficiency of reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen content of wastewater using this system was >97%. Bacterial community analysis showed that exoelectrogenic bacteria belonging to the genera Geobacter and Desulfuromonas were dominant within the biofilm coating the anode, whereas aerobic bacteria from the family Rhodocyclaceae were abundant on the surface of the biofilm. Based on our observations, we suggest that BES-TF reactors with biofilms containing aerobic bacteria and anaerobic exoelectrogenic bacteria on the anodes can function in aerobic environments.

Nitrification performance of high rate nitrifying trickling filters at low ammonia concentrations: does the aspect ratio matter?

Abstract: Nitrifying trickling filters (NTFs) are often introduced to pre-treat waters before chlorination process, to reduce the ammonia-driven chlorine consumption in wastewater treatment. As a passive aerated system, the only power needed is to transport the water to the top of the filter for distribution. Thus, understanding the role of filter aspect ratio on ammonia oxidation might save energy cost. In the present study, a pilot-scale comparison NTF system was conducted on two filters with different aspect ratios (height/diameter) and the same specific surface area. The nitrification efficiencies of these two filters under relatively low influent ammonia-nitrogen concentrations (1.0–4.0 mg NH4-N L−1) were investigated. Results obtained from the present study indicated that the constructional aspect ratio of NTF showed no significant effect on nitrification performance of NTFs. Additionally, the operational parameters showed similar effects on nitrification in NTFs with different aspect ratios. Our findings could provide important information for the construction design of future NTFs.

Water sprinkler in trickling filter

Abstract: To provide a water sprinkler for uniformly sprinkling water to a filter bed in a trickling filter.SOLUTION: A water sprinkler is composed of a sewage supply pipe 11 disposed above a reaction tank 20 of a trickling filter 1, branch pipes 12, 13 provided above the sewage supply pipe and connected to the sewage supply pipe, a distributor 14 provided above the branch pipes, and a nozzle provided in the distributor. At least one of a distributor body of the distributor or a lid provided on the top of the distributor body is made of a transparent material, and a height-adjustable end nozzle is provided at the tip of the nozzle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Device and method for optimizing operation strategy and preventing deodorization system of sewage treatment plant from collapsing based on real-time control

Abstract: The invention discloses a device and method for optimizing an operation strategy and preventing a deodorization system in a sewage treatment plant from collapsing based on real-time control, and belongs to the field of waste gas treatment. The device mainly comprises a bio-trickling filter, a filler, a gas inlet pipeline and components, a gas outlet pipeline, a gas circulating pipeline and components, a liquid circulating pipeline and components and a pH and dissolved oxygen monitoring device. The method mainly comprises the following steps: performing aeration on a circulating liquid at the bottom of the trickling filter by using inlet gas of the trickling filter to maintain higher dissolved oxygen; diluting inlet malodorous gas by using gas filtered by the trickling filter as circulatinggas to avoid inhibition against microorganisms when the concentration of the malodorous gas is too high; introducing a circulating liquid into liquid spray nozzles at the top of the trickling filterby a liquid circulating pump to allow the circulating liquid to be uniformly dripped on the filler in the trickling filter; and monitoring the pH and dissolved oxygen of the circulating liquid by thepH and dissolved oxygen monitoring device. The system provided by the invention has a stable and efficient operation effect when being used for treating malodorous gas with high gas inlet load.

Weight watering type trickling filter for water treatment

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water spray filter bed in which contaminants are adsorbed, oxidized and purified while wastewater to be treated passes through a filter medium, a granular body. The present invention: induces an air contact to the center of the filter medium through a plurality of granular oil pipes (30) embedded in the filter medium and connected to a pressure feed pipe (50); blocks backwash contaminants from being filtrated into the granular oil piles (30) by closing individual exterior holes (31) of the granular oil pipes (30) at once in a case of backwashing; and enables non-powered watering and backwashing by gravity by installing a high water tank (70) connected to a water spray pipe (20) and a backwashing pipe (16). The present invention is able to: enhance a contaminant decomposition effect in treated water by enabling a smooth air contact with the center of the filter medium of the water spray filter bed; reduce maintenance costs by extending the replacement cycle of the filter medium; and prevent the contamination of air contact equipment during a backwashing.

Washing method of trickling filter and trickling filter

Abstract: To provide a filter media to flow well during cleaning to enable efficient cleaning of the trickling filter.SOLUTION: A cleaning method for a trickling filter having a filter medium layer composed of a plurality of filter media in a water tank, includes a washing step of storing a washing solution in the water tank and stirring and washing the filter medium immersed in the washing solution, in which an average specific gravity of filter medium is more than 1 and 1.15 or less. A trickling filter has a filter medium layer composed of a plurality of filter media in a water tank, and comprises a cleaning solution storage mechanism for storing a cleaning solution in the water tank, and an agitation mechanism for stirring and cleaning the filter medium immersed in the cleaning solution, in which an average specific gravity of filter medium is more than 1 and 1.15 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Distributed biochemical system used for processing domestic sewage, and domestic sewage processing method

Abstract: The invention discloses a distributed biochemical system used for processing domestic sewage. The distributed biochemical system comprises a biochemical tower and a constructed wetland; the biochemical tower comprises an equalizing tank, an anoxic pool, a sedimentation basin, at least two trickling filters, and a water collecting tank used for collecting discharged water of the trickling filters;the anoxic pool is connected with a first trickling filter through a first pipeline, and is connected with a second trickling filter through a second pipeline, and is also connected with itself through a first circulation pipeline; the water collecting tank is connected with the first trickling filter through a second circulation pipeline, is connected with the second trickling filter through a third circulation pipeline, is connected with the anoxic pool through a fourth circulation pipeline, and is connected with the sedimentation basin through a third pipeline. The distributed biochemical system is provided with the equalizing tank, the anoxic pool, the water collecting tank, the sedimentation basin, the constructed wetland, the trickling filters, and a pipeline system capable of realizing a plurality of functions for mutual cooperation, so that the whole trickling filtering and AO technology is completed, and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the whole technology is improved.

Aeration type trickling filter for water treatment

Abstract: The present invention relates to a trickling filter for water treatment in which contaminants are adsorbed, oxidized, and purified when wastewater to be treated passes through a filter medium of a granular material. Through a plurality of granular porous tubes (30) buried in the filter medium and connected to an airpipe, air contact to a core of the filter medium is induced, and the granular porous tubes (30) and a water injection pipe (52) are connected to be used as an injection path of washing water when backwashing. Through the present invention, the contaminant decomposition efficiency of wastewater can be increased since smooth air contact with respect to a deep portion of the filter medium of the trickling filter is possible, and the filter replacement cycle is extended to reduce the maintenance cost.

Bio-trickling filter and system and technology of high-load bio-trickling filter in combination with landscape filter bed

Abstract: A bio-trickling filter. The bio-trickling filter comprises an aerobiotic segment, an anoxic segment and a phosphorous removal segment which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, wherein a waterdistributor is arranged over the aerobiotic segment; a main body structure of the bio-trickling filter is of a tower-like structure; moreover, an independent multilayer shale unit is arranged on an upper segment of the tower-like structure, the top of the tower-like structure is open, and air vents are formed in a side wall of the upper segment of the tower-like structure to form the aerobiotic segment; an independent multilayer shale unit is arranged on a middle segment of the tower-like structure, and the middle segment of the tower-like structure is closed to form the anoxic segment; and an independent multilayer brick bat unit is arranged in a lower segment of the tower-like structure, the bottom of the tower-like structure is open, and air vents are formed in a side wall of the lowersegment of the tower-like structure to form the phosphorous removal segment. The invention discloses a system of high-load bio-trickling filter in combination with a landscape filter bed. The invention furthermore discloses a technology of high-load bio-trickling filter in combination with the landscape filter bed. The bio-trickling filter, the system of high-load bio-trickling filter in combination with the landscape filter bed and the technology of high-load bio-trickling filter in combination with the landscape filter bed have the advantages of being high in purification efficiency, low incost, stable in running and the like. The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage purification.

Laboratory scale Treatment of Wastewater from a Common Effluent Treatment Plant

Abstract: Industrial wastewater treatment has been slow to develop, and in some respects has not kept up with advances in manufacturing technology. This article discusses the various wastewater treatment technologies in more detail and includes tables that compare their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It also provides guidance on when to apply what type of treatment to which waste streams. This information can help bridge the gap between where the plant needs to be, in terms of effluent quality, and where it is, in terms of wastewater characteristics. Technologies include wet air oxidation, supercritical oxidation, incineration, activated sludge, aerated lagoons, stabilization ponds, trickling filters, fixed-film reactors, and anaerobic degradation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance efficiency of effluent treatment facility and lab scale research to reduce pollutant loads through adoption of recent developments in the areas of effluent management systems.

Biological trickling filter filler and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a biological trickling filter filler and a preparation method thereof and in particular relates to the technical field of waste gas and wastewater purification. The biological trickling filter filler comprises the following raw materials: 100-150 parts of liquid nitrogen, 20-40 parts of polylactic acid, 10-30 parts of soy isolate protein, 15-25 parts of ceramic powder, 11-21parts of a nerium indicum extract, 7-17 parts of a lythrum salicaria extract, 3-10 parts of a formic acid solution, 3-9 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.1-1 part of manganese acetate. The biologicaltrickling filter filler provided by the invention is capable of achieving rapid membrane formation and improving the treatment efficiency of refractory pollutants, the fixation time of a bio-membraneis shortened to 5 hours at most, removal rates of organic matter in industrial waste gases and wastewater are up to 90% or greater, the removal rate of 1,4-dioxane is up to 80% or greater, and the removal rate of dioxin is up to 80% or greater. The invention has another purpose of providing the preparation method of the biological trickling filter filler. The method is stable and controllable, easy to achieve and applicable to on-scale production.

Device for degrading high-concentration petroleum emissions

Abstract: The invention provides a device for degrading high-concentration petroleum emissions. The device comprises a biological trickling filter. The device can be used for purifying high-concentration petroleum industrial waste gas. The device has the following advantages: the device is suitable for high-concentration multi-component petroleum industry exhaust gas; a multilayer bio-filler is arranged inthe biological trickling filter to treat various kinds of volatile petroleum exhaust gases; the biological phase concentration is high, automatic adjustment of nutrient addition, the temperature, thehumidity and the pH value in the device can be achieved, all environment parameters in the biological trickling filter are effectively stabilized, and the efficient and stable running of the device isensured; and the device is preferably suitable for the petrochemical industry.

Ammonia-containing waste gas treatment method

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, in particular to an ammonia-containing waste gas treatment method Ammonia gas in ammonia-containing waste gas is removed by a biological trickling filter conversion method, particularly, composition of eluting solution, process parameters of a biological trickling filter and ammonia gas removing operation parameters are controlled, the ammonia-containing waste gas is dissolved in the eluting solution, and the ammonia gas is converted into ammonium ions By means of biological oxidation, parts of the ammonium ions in the eluting solution are oxidized into nitrite by ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the mole ratio of NO2 -N to NO3 -N in eluting solution effluent is higher than or equal to 4:1, and the mole ratio of NH4 -Nto NO2 -N is 1:(07-13) Anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge is used as an inoculant to purify the eluting solution, the NH4 -N and the NO2 -N are converted into nitrogen gas, the purified eluting solution returns to the biological trickling filter, the ammonia-containing waste gas is eluted again, and 'zero nitrogen' emission is realized