Aleš Horák

TL;DR: Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the ~11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies.

TL;DR: A new taxonomy is proposed, in which Leishmania infantum and L.Donovani are the only recognized species of the L. donovani complex, and an evolutionary hypothesis for the origin and dispersal of the species is presented.

TL;DR: It is shown that the exosymbiont-derived ornithine-urea cycle, which is similar to that of metazoans but is absent in green algae and plants, facilitates rapid recovery from prolonged nitrogen limitation and represents a key pathway for anaplerotic carbon fixation into nitrogenous compounds that are essential for diatom growth and for the contribution of diatoms to marine productivity.

TL;DR: These findings support a relatively simple path of linear descent for the evolution of photosynthesis in a large proportion of algae and emphasize plastid loss in several lineages (e.g., ciliates, Cryptosporidium, and Phytophthora).

TL;DR: Insight is provided into how obligate parasites with diverse life strategies arose from a once free-living phototrophic marine alga, and co-regulated with genes encoding the flagellar apparatus supporting the functional contribution of flagella to the evolution of invasion machinery.