Learn the basic properties and designs of modern VLSI devices, as well as the factors affecting performance, with this thoroughly updated second edition. The first edition has been widely adopted as a standard textbook in microelectronics in many major US universities and worldwide. The internationally-renowned authors highlight the intricate interdependencies and subtle tradeoffs between various practically important device parameters, and also provide an in-depth discussion of device scaling and scaling limits of CMOS and bipolar devices. Equations and parameters provided are checked continuously against the reality of silicon data, making the book equally useful in practical transistor design and in the classroom. Every chapter has been updated to include the latest developments, such as MOSFET scale length theory, high-field transport model, and SiGe-base bipolar devices.

/pdf/fundamentals-of-modern-vlsi-devices-471xd7l9pf.pdf

Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Massive multiple-input multiple-output MIMO is one of themost promising technologies for the next generation of wirelesscommunication networks because it has the potential to providegame-changing improvements in spectral efficiency SE and energyefficiency EE. This monograph summarizes many years ofresearch insights in a clear and self-contained way and providesthe reader with the necessary knowledge and mathematical toolsto carry out independent research in this area. Starting froma rigorous definition of Massive MIMO, the monograph coversthe important aspects of channel estimation, SE, EE, hardwareefficiency HE, and various practical deployment considerations.From the beginning, a very general, yet tractable, canonical systemmodel with spatial channel correlation is introduced. This modelis used to realistically assess the SE and EE, and is later extendedto also include the impact of hardware impairments. Owing tothis rigorous modeling approach, a lot of classic "wisdom" aboutMassive MIMO, based on too simplistic system models, is shownto be questionable.

https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/SIG-093

Massive MIMO Networks: Spectral, Energy, and Hardware Efficiency

Diffraction characteristics of general dielectric planar (slab) gratings and surface-relief (corrugated) gratings are reviewed. Applications to laser-beam deflection, guidance, modulation, coupling, filtering, wavefront reconstruction, and distributed feedback in the fields of acoustooptics, integrated optics, holography, and spectral analysis are discussed. An exact formulation of the grating diffraction problem without approximations (rigorous coupled-wave theory developed by the authors) is presented. The method of solution is in terms of state variables and this is presented in detail. Then, using a series of fundamental assumptions, this rigorous theory is shown to reduce to the various existing approximate theories in the appropriate limits. The effects of these fundamental assumptions in the approximate theories are quantified and discussed.

Analysis and applications of optical diffraction by gratings

This tutorial presents an overview of the technological advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuit components, antennas, and propagation that will soon allow 60-GHz transceivers to provide multigigabit per second (multi-Gb/s) wireless communication data transfers in the consumer marketplace. Our goal is to help engineers understand the convergence of communications, circuits, and antennas, as the emerging world of subterahertz and terahertz wireless communications will require understanding at the intersections of these areas. This paper covers trends and recent accomplishments in a wide range of circuits and systems topics that must be understood to create massively broadband wireless communication systems of the future. In this paper, we present some evolving applications of massively broadband wireless communications, and use tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature on various radio system components, including on-chip and in-package antennas, radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), mixers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus primarily on silicon-based technologies, as these provide the best means of implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz mm-wave circuits. In addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that are required to competently design and fabricate mm-wave devices in silicon, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. The paper concludes with an overview of the standardization and commercialization efforts for 60-GHz multi-Gb/s devices, and presents a novel way to compare the data rate versus power efficiency for future broadband devices.

http://faculty.poly.edu/~tsr/wp-content/uploads/publications/abstract17.pdf

State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications

Two parallel operating power amplifiers (PAs) are controlled by a novel mode switch for high efficiencies at both the back-off power region and high power region. The mode switch is realized by the base-collector (BC) junction diode which reuses the dc current of the low power mode amplifier. A 836 MHz CDMA PA has been demonstrated using InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor with fully integrated matching component for small package and low cost. It shows a 13 mA idle current, 15.4% power added efficiency (PAE), ACPR1 at 16 dBm of the low power mode operation and a 40.5% PAE, ACPR1 at 28 dBm of the high power mode operation.

A Parallel Power Amplifier With a Novel Mode Switching Control

A fully integrated loop-through amplifier (LTA) for cable TV tuner is presented in a 0.18 mum CMOS process. It covers the whole frequency band from 48 MHz to 860 MHz and allows a second TV and multiple tuners. This circuit employs a parallel connection of common-gate and common-source (CG-CS) amplifiers for broadband matching. The performances are enhanced by current amplification for high linearity and by noise canceling for low noise figure. There are global and local feedback circuits to achieve wide-band input matching and flat gain. We have achieved a gain of 5 dB, a noise figure (NF) of 8.2 dB, an IIP2 of 78 dBmV, an IIP3 of 59 dBmV and SR11 of -11 dB at 850MHz. The power consumption of the circuit is 92.4mW from a 3.3-V supply and the area of chip is 0.075mm2.

Wide-band CMOS loop-through amplifier for Cable TV tuner

We have demonstrated a highly efficient Hybrid Envelope Elimination and Restoration transmitter for IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX application using a highly efficient saturated Power amplifier (PA). For the optimum H-EER operation, the PA has been designed to have a maximum PAE at the average V ds region by using 10 W (P 3dB ) GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor. The maximum Power-added efficiency (PAE) is a 74.07 % at the 14 V V ds . The bias modulator designed using a Hybrid Switching Amplifier (HSA) has a 73.3 % of efficiency. In the interlock experiment, the transmitter has shown an excellent PAE performance of 45.9 % at an average output power of 33.07 dBm with drain efficiency (DE) of 48.86 %. By using digital predistortion technique, the Relative Constellation Error (RCE) has been satisfied the specification of −30 dB with −36.88 dB. When considering the saturated PA with constant drain bias, the average PAE of the proposed transmitter has been hugely improved, about 13.64 %. These results clearly show that the H-EER transmitter using the saturated PA can deliver the excellent PAE performance.

Hybrid EER transmitter using highly efficient saturated power amplifier for 802.16e mobile WiMAX application

A two-stage power amplifier (PA) and a supply modulator are designed and implemented for envelope-tracking (ET) operation to reduce dc power consumption. The supply modulator is connected to each stage of the PA and further enhances efficiency in a back-off power region. The envelope of a signal is reshaped to achieve good linearity and efficiency. The ET PA performs a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 39.6% (5% higher than a stand-alone PA) and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of −33.8 dBc at an average power of 27 dBm and a operating frequency of 1.85 GHz with a long term evolution (LTE) signal having a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 7.5 dB, a bandwidth (BW) of 10 MHz, and a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The ET PA also delivers a PAE of 20.6% at an average power of 17 dBm, and the performance is 5.8% higher than the ET PA tracking only the power-stage and 9% higher than the stand-alone PA.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6089237/6102757/06102883.pdf

Envelope-tracking two-stage power amplifiers

A power amplification apparatus includes a first amplifier turned on at a preset low input power; and a second amplifier connected in parallel with the first amplifier and turned off at a low input power due to a relatively low bias current. Output capacitors of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are compensated for by inductors or microstrip lines of dc power supply paths. An output matching circuit of the first amplifier includes a λ/4 transformer. An output matching circuit of the second amplifier has the phase of 0°. Input matching circuits of the first amplifier and the second amplifier include delay compensation circuits. The output matching circuit of the first amplifier, the output matching circuit of the second amplifier, and a final output matching circuit have the same impedance transformation rates.

Bumman Kim

Papers

A Parallel Power Amplifier With a Novel Mode Switching Control

Wide-band CMOS loop-through amplifier for Cable TV tuner

Hybrid EER transmitter using highly efficient saturated power amplifier for 802.16e mobile WiMAX application

Envelope-tracking two-stage power amplifiers

Power amplification apparatus