Learn the basic properties and designs of modern VLSI devices, as well as the factors affecting performance, with this thoroughly updated second edition. The first edition has been widely adopted as a standard textbook in microelectronics in many major US universities and worldwide. The internationally-renowned authors highlight the intricate interdependencies and subtle tradeoffs between various practically important device parameters, and also provide an in-depth discussion of device scaling and scaling limits of CMOS and bipolar devices. Equations and parameters provided are checked continuously against the reality of silicon data, making the book equally useful in practical transistor design and in the classroom. Every chapter has been updated to include the latest developments, such as MOSFET scale length theory, high-field transport model, and SiGe-base bipolar devices.

/pdf/fundamentals-of-modern-vlsi-devices-471xd7l9pf.pdf

Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Massive multiple-input multiple-output MIMO is one of themost promising technologies for the next generation of wirelesscommunication networks because it has the potential to providegame-changing improvements in spectral efficiency SE and energyefficiency EE. This monograph summarizes many years ofresearch insights in a clear and self-contained way and providesthe reader with the necessary knowledge and mathematical toolsto carry out independent research in this area. Starting froma rigorous definition of Massive MIMO, the monograph coversthe important aspects of channel estimation, SE, EE, hardwareefficiency HE, and various practical deployment considerations.From the beginning, a very general, yet tractable, canonical systemmodel with spatial channel correlation is introduced. This modelis used to realistically assess the SE and EE, and is later extendedto also include the impact of hardware impairments. Owing tothis rigorous modeling approach, a lot of classic "wisdom" aboutMassive MIMO, based on too simplistic system models, is shownto be questionable.

https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/SIG-093

Massive MIMO Networks: Spectral, Energy, and Hardware Efficiency

Diffraction characteristics of general dielectric planar (slab) gratings and surface-relief (corrugated) gratings are reviewed. Applications to laser-beam deflection, guidance, modulation, coupling, filtering, wavefront reconstruction, and distributed feedback in the fields of acoustooptics, integrated optics, holography, and spectral analysis are discussed. An exact formulation of the grating diffraction problem without approximations (rigorous coupled-wave theory developed by the authors) is presented. The method of solution is in terms of state variables and this is presented in detail. Then, using a series of fundamental assumptions, this rigorous theory is shown to reduce to the various existing approximate theories in the appropriate limits. The effects of these fundamental assumptions in the approximate theories are quantified and discussed.

Analysis and applications of optical diffraction by gratings

This tutorial presents an overview of the technological advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuit components, antennas, and propagation that will soon allow 60-GHz transceivers to provide multigigabit per second (multi-Gb/s) wireless communication data transfers in the consumer marketplace. Our goal is to help engineers understand the convergence of communications, circuits, and antennas, as the emerging world of subterahertz and terahertz wireless communications will require understanding at the intersections of these areas. This paper covers trends and recent accomplishments in a wide range of circuits and systems topics that must be understood to create massively broadband wireless communication systems of the future. In this paper, we present some evolving applications of massively broadband wireless communications, and use tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature on various radio system components, including on-chip and in-package antennas, radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), mixers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus primarily on silicon-based technologies, as these provide the best means of implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz mm-wave circuits. In addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that are required to competently design and fabricate mm-wave devices in silicon, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. The paper concludes with an overview of the standardization and commercialization efforts for 60-GHz multi-Gb/s devices, and presents a novel way to compare the data rate versus power efficiency for future broadband devices.

http://faculty.poly.edu/~tsr/wp-content/uploads/publications/abstract17.pdf

State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications

To realize any coupled-line ring hybrid without any restriction on coupling power, a set of coupled-line sections with two shorts was synthesized using one- and two-port equivalent circuits, and design equations were derived to yield perfect matching regardless of the coupling power Based on the design equations, a new modified Pi-type transmission-line equivalent circuit is suggested It consists mainly of a set of coupled-line sections and can be used to reduce a transmission-line section, especially when the electrical length is greater than 180deg Therefore, the 270deg transmission-line section of a conventional ring hybrid can be reduced to less than 90deg To verify the performance of the modified one, two kinds of simulations were performed: in the first, the electrical length of the coupled-line sections was held constant, in the second, the coupling coefficient was held constant Simulated bandwidths of the resulting small transmission lines depended strongly on coupling power Using modified and conventional Pi-type transmission-line equivalent circuits, a small wideband coupled-line ring hybrid (SWCLRH) was designed Compared to the conventional ring hybrid, the SWCLRH has much wider bandwidth, but is less than one-third as large To test the method, a microstrip SWCLRH with a total transmission-line length of 220deg was fabricated and tested Measured S 21, S 41, S 23, and S 43 were -278, -334, -28, and -32 dB, respectively, at a design center frequency of 2 GHz Matching and isolation with less than -20 dB were achieved in more than 20% fractional bandwidth

Small Wideband Coupled-Line Ring Hybrids With No Restriction on Coupling Power

An asymmetric Doherty Power Amplifier (ADPA) is introduced using a new output combining circuit for easy of implementation with a large matching tolerance The proposed APDA has been implemented using GaN HEMT devices at 26 GHz for WiMAX signal with 5MHz bandwidth and 83 dB peak to average power ratio This ADPA delivers a saturated output power of 517 dBm and a drain efficiency of 604% at an average output power of 436 dBm After linearization using digital feedback predistortion technique, the ADPA satisfies the linearity specification with −5198 dBc of adjacent channel leakage ratio at 10MHz offset To the best of our knowledge, the drain efficiency of 604% is the highest efficiency at 26GHz frequency for a WiMAX signal with 83dB PAPR

A highly efficient asymmetric Doherty Power Amplifier with a new output combining circuit

Fully integrated Doherty amplifiers have been developed for 5 GHz wireless-LAN (WLAN) applications. Through a new Doherty power amplifier circuit topology, the bulky Doherty in/output matching block including quarter-wave (/spl lambda//4) impedance transformer can be fully integrated using capacitors, short micro-strip lines and bonding wires. To improve efficiency at a full power, without using the bulky input power splitter, a new input power driving concept is implemented by inserting /spl lambda//4 impedance transformers at the inputs of the carrier and peaking amplifiers using the lumped elements. The amplifier based on InGaP HBT technology, shows an output power of 22.5 dBm and a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 21.3 % at an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 5%, measured with 54 Mbps 64-QAM-OFDM signals at 5.2 GHz. The proposed in/output matching topology allows the fully integrated Doherty amplifiers with a small size.

Fully integrated Doherty power amplifiers for 5 GHz wireless-LANs

A feedforward amplifier, and a method of improving the performance thereof, are provided. More particularly, a feedforward amplifier using imperfect cancellation of a main signal and a method of improving the performance thereof, in which, by including a predetermined amount of a main signal in an error signal that is input to an error signal cancellation loop of the feedforward amplifier, more error components of a final output signal are removed, such that the linearity and efficiency of the final output signal improve.

Feedforward amplifier and method of improving the performance thereof

A monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit Doherty power amplifier (PA) with an on-chip dynamic bias control circuit for cellular handset application has been designed and implemented. To improve the linearity and efficiency in the operation power ranges, the base and collector biases of the amplifiers, except the drive amplifier of the main path, are controlled according to the average output power. The base biases are controlled using the on-chip circuit and collector biases by the dc/dc chip to reduce the average dc consumption power. The power-added efficiency (PAE) is improved approximately 6% by the base dynamic bias control, and approximately 14% by the collector/base dynamic control from the class AB at Pout=16 dBm, respectively. If the dc/dc converter efficiency is 100%, the PAE could be improved approximately 17.5% from class AB, reaching to 29.2% at Pout=16 dBm. In the intermediate power level from 22 to 28 dBm, the PAE is over 34.3%. The average current consumption of the PA with the dynamic bias control is 22.5 mA in urban and 37.3 mA in suburban code-division multiple-access environments, which are reduced by 36%-46.7%, compared to the normal operation. The adjacent channel power ratio is below 47.5 dBc, and the PAE at the maximum power is approximately 43.3% in the dynamic bias operations

Bumman Kim

Papers

Small Wideband Coupled-Line Ring Hybrids With No Restriction on Coupling Power

A highly efficient asymmetric Doherty Power Amplifier with a new output combining circuit

Fully integrated Doherty power amplifiers for 5 GHz wireless-LANs

Feedforward amplifier and method of improving the performance thereof

The Doherty Power Amplifier With On-Chip Dynamic Bias Control Circuit for Handset Application