Learn the basic properties and designs of modern VLSI devices, as well as the factors affecting performance, with this thoroughly updated second edition. The first edition has been widely adopted as a standard textbook in microelectronics in many major US universities and worldwide. The internationally-renowned authors highlight the intricate interdependencies and subtle tradeoffs between various practically important device parameters, and also provide an in-depth discussion of device scaling and scaling limits of CMOS and bipolar devices. Equations and parameters provided are checked continuously against the reality of silicon data, making the book equally useful in practical transistor design and in the classroom. Every chapter has been updated to include the latest developments, such as MOSFET scale length theory, high-field transport model, and SiGe-base bipolar devices.

/pdf/fundamentals-of-modern-vlsi-devices-471xd7l9pf.pdf

Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Massive multiple-input multiple-output MIMO is one of themost promising technologies for the next generation of wirelesscommunication networks because it has the potential to providegame-changing improvements in spectral efficiency SE and energyefficiency EE. This monograph summarizes many years ofresearch insights in a clear and self-contained way and providesthe reader with the necessary knowledge and mathematical toolsto carry out independent research in this area. Starting froma rigorous definition of Massive MIMO, the monograph coversthe important aspects of channel estimation, SE, EE, hardwareefficiency HE, and various practical deployment considerations.From the beginning, a very general, yet tractable, canonical systemmodel with spatial channel correlation is introduced. This modelis used to realistically assess the SE and EE, and is later extendedto also include the impact of hardware impairments. Owing tothis rigorous modeling approach, a lot of classic "wisdom" aboutMassive MIMO, based on too simplistic system models, is shownto be questionable.

https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/SIG-093

Massive MIMO Networks: Spectral, Energy, and Hardware Efficiency

Diffraction characteristics of general dielectric planar (slab) gratings and surface-relief (corrugated) gratings are reviewed. Applications to laser-beam deflection, guidance, modulation, coupling, filtering, wavefront reconstruction, and distributed feedback in the fields of acoustooptics, integrated optics, holography, and spectral analysis are discussed. An exact formulation of the grating diffraction problem without approximations (rigorous coupled-wave theory developed by the authors) is presented. The method of solution is in terms of state variables and this is presented in detail. Then, using a series of fundamental assumptions, this rigorous theory is shown to reduce to the various existing approximate theories in the appropriate limits. The effects of these fundamental assumptions in the approximate theories are quantified and discussed.

Analysis and applications of optical diffraction by gratings

This tutorial presents an overview of the technological advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuit components, antennas, and propagation that will soon allow 60-GHz transceivers to provide multigigabit per second (multi-Gb/s) wireless communication data transfers in the consumer marketplace. Our goal is to help engineers understand the convergence of communications, circuits, and antennas, as the emerging world of subterahertz and terahertz wireless communications will require understanding at the intersections of these areas. This paper covers trends and recent accomplishments in a wide range of circuits and systems topics that must be understood to create massively broadband wireless communication systems of the future. In this paper, we present some evolving applications of massively broadband wireless communications, and use tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature on various radio system components, including on-chip and in-package antennas, radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), mixers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus primarily on silicon-based technologies, as these provide the best means of implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz mm-wave circuits. In addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that are required to competently design and fabricate mm-wave devices in silicon, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. The paper concludes with an overview of the standardization and commercialization efforts for 60-GHz multi-Gb/s devices, and presents a novel way to compare the data rate versus power efficiency for future broadband devices.

http://faculty.poly.edu/~tsr/wp-content/uploads/publications/abstract17.pdf

State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications

To improve the efficiency of the main power amplifier, the envelope tracking technique is widely used. However, due to the reduced gain of the main amplifier by the envelope tracking, the driving power of the drive amplifier requires to be larger and the amplifier should be optimized accordingly for an efficiency operation. In this letter, a two stage envelope tracking power amplifier is studied for the purpose. The envelope tracking technique is applied to both the drive and main power amplifiers to improve efficiency of the drive amplifier, which is usually operated at a low efficiency. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the total system is improved by 2.1% while the efficiency of the drive amplifier is increased by 8%. In addition, to overcome a serious non-linearity due to the dual envelope tracking operation, a new sequential digital predistortion architecture is proposed and using this architecture, the linearity specification of the long term evolution signal has been successfully satisfied.

Sequential Digital Predistortion for Two-stage Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier

This paper demonstrates a new transmitter architecture digitizing an envelope to control a power amplifier. The transmitter employs a low-pass ΔΣ-modulator for constant envelope modulation and noise shaping. It enables the use of highly efficient switching amplifier with high linearity. For demonstration, the overall transmitter is implemented and tested with code-division multiple access (CDMA) IS-95A signal. The transmitter delivered the expected efficiency and linearity. The performances are maintained across the broad output power range. The results clearly show the controllability of highly efficient switching power amplifier in digital domain with simple envelope modulation technique.

A ΔΣ-Digitized RF Transmitter

We have analyzed the inverse class-F and class-F amplifiers using their waveforms From the analytic equations derived from the analysis, we gave calculated the efficiencies, output powers, DC power dissipations, and optimum fundamental load impedances of the inverse class-F and class-F amplifiers We also have compared them for various operation conditions, which include the same peak current, same DC power dissipation, same fundamental RF output power, and same fundamental load impedance with different Ron(on-resistance) These analyses have clearly shown the performance limitations, advantages, and guide to the optimized design of the inverse class-F amplifiers

Performance Comparison between Inverse Class-F and Class-F Amplifiers Based on the Waveform Analysis

Second order nonlinearity of Gilbert mixer is analyzed. The harmonic generations at each part of the mixer are analyzed and are combined to predict the over-all mixer behavior. We include non-ideal tail current source and nonlinear current gain of BJT, which have been neglected in previous works but have significant effects.

Second order nonlinearity analysis of Gilbert mixer

The class-AB/F Doherty power amplifier (PA) adopts the concept of the class-AB/F PA to enhance efficiency while satisfying linearity. The third harmonic control circuits of the PA improve the efficiency without deteriorating the linearity, and the Doherty PA improves the linearity further by IM3 cancelation. The class-AB/F chips are fabricated by an InGaP/GaAs HBT process and combined on a PCB with a-quarter-wavelength transformer. The operation of the class-AB/F Doherty PA is demonstrated with a 54 Mbps/64 QAM OFDM signal having a 10.3 dB PAPR. The Doherty PA has EVM of 3% and the PAE of 31.5% at 24 dBm of average output power, 10.5 dB backed-off from P1dB of 34.5 dBm. The PA operates efficiently and linearly, suitable to the next generation of handset applications.

Bumman Kim

Papers

Sequential Digital Predistortion for Two-stage Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier

A ΔΣ-Digitized RF Transmitter

Performance Comparison between Inverse Class-F and Class-F Amplifiers Based on the Waveform Analysis

Second order nonlinearity analysis of Gilbert mixer

Class-AB/F Doherty Power Amplifiers