Lijing Cheng

TL;DR: The inferred integrated EEI is greater than that reported in previous assessments and is consistent with a reconstruction of the radiative imbalance at the top of atmosphere starting in 1985, and OHC changes in six major oceans are reliable on decadal time scales.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present estimates of the altimetry-based global mean sea level (average variance of 3.1 +/- 0.3 mm/yr and acceleration of 0.1 mm/r2 over 1993-present), as well as of the different components of the sea level budget over 2005-present, using GRACE-based ocean mass estimates.

TL;DR: Estimates of observed warming resemble those seen in models, indicating that models reliably project changes in OHC, and are better suited for detecting and attributing human influences.

TL;DR: The evolution of ocean temperature measurement systems is presented with a focus on the development and accuracy of two critical devices in use today (expendable bathythermographs and conductivity-temperature-depth instruments used on Argo floats).

TL;DR: A probabilistic framework to reconstruct sea level since 1900 is presented, revealing budget closure within uncertainties and showing ice-mass loss from glaciers as a dominant contributor, and the magnitude of observed global-mean sea-level rise is reconciled with estimates based on the contributing processes.