Showing papers by "Conservatoire national des arts et métiers published in 2007"
TL;DR: The Driver-Pressures-State-Impact-Response approach is applied to heavy metals in the Seine River catchment and a general increase of the demand is observed: the rate of recycling and/or treatment of metals within the anthroposphere has been improved ten-fold.
192 citations
TL;DR: This paper considers problem (P) of minimizing a quadratic function q(x)=xtQx+ctx of binary variables and devise two different preprocessing methods, which consist in computing the smallest eigenvalue of Q and vector u, both of which are classical SDP relaxation methods.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider problem (P) of minimizing a quadratic function q(x)=x tQx+ctx of binary variables. Our main idea is to use the recent Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) solvers. But, for this, we have to first convexify the objective function q(x). A classical trick is to raise up the diagonal entries of Q by a vector u until (Q+diag(u)) is positive semidefinite. Then, using the fact that xi2=xi, we can obtain an equivalent convex objective function, which can then be handled by an MIQP solver. Hence, computing a suitable vector u constitutes a preprocessing phase in this exact solution method. We devise two different preprocessing methods. The first one is straightforward and consists in computing the smallest eigenvalue of Q. In the second method, vector u is obtained once a classical SDP relaxation of (P) is solved.We carry out computational tests using the generator of (Pardalos and Rodgers, 1990) and we compare our two solution methods to several other exact solution methods. Furthermore, we report computational results for the max-cut problem.
169 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a poly(epichlorydrin-allyl glycidyl ether) copolymer as a matrix was used to obtain ion conducting networks, which were obtained by the incorporation of two cyclic diamines named 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2]-octane (DABCO) and 1-azabicycyclo-[ 2.2] octane (Quinuclidine), neither sensitive to Hoffman elimination.
165 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the central location test (CLT) and the home use test (HUT) to assess product acceptability and found that the influence of the method used depends on the type of product to be tested.
135 citations
TL;DR: Partial least squares (PLS) as mentioned in this paper was proposed for linear discriminant analysis (LDA) when predictors are data of functional type (curves), based on the equivalence between LDA and the multiple linear regression (binary response) and LDA, and the canonical correlation analysis (more than two groups).
Abstract: Partial least squares (PLS) approach is proposed for linear discriminant analysis (LDA) when predictors are data of functional type (curves). Based on the equivalence between LDA and the multiple linear regression (binary response) and LDA and the canonical correlation analysis (more than two groups), the PLS regression on functional data is used to estimate the discriminant coefficient functions. A simulation study as well as an application to kneading data compare the PLS model results with those given by other methods.
127 citations
TL;DR: In special risk situations such as heat waves, the risk/benefit ratio of psychotropic drugs which could interfere with body temperature regulation has to be carefully assessed, particularly in the elderly.
125 citations
15 Oct 2007
TL;DR: Zenon is intended to be the dedicated prover of the Focal environment, an objectoriented algebraic specification and proof system, which is able to produce OCaml code for execution and Coq code for certification.
Abstract: We present Zenon, an automated theorem prover for first order classical logic (with equality), based on the tableau method. Zenon is intended to be the dedicated prover of the Focal environment, an objectoriented algebraic specification and proof system, which is able to produce OCaml code for execution and Coq code for certification. Zenon can directly generate Coq proofs (proof scripts or proof terms), which can be reinserted in the Coq specifications produced by Focal. Zenon can also be extended, which makes specific (and possibly local) automation possible in Focal.
120 citations
TL;DR: Self-rated depression in patients with AMD was associated with VA severity level, and it should be relatively easy for ophthalmologists to implement the screening procedure and refer identified patients to psychiatrists for proper assessment and treatment.
Abstract: PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the relationship with visual acuity and to develop a simple algorithm for depression screening. METHODS This cross-sectional, prospective, observational, multicenter study was performed in France, Germany, and Italy. Retina specialists at 10 centers per country each enrolled 12 consecutive patients with wet ARMD. Patients were stratified into four severity groups by using best eye (BE) and worst eye (WE) visual acuity (VA) thresholds (BE:VA 20/40 and WE:VA 20/200). Patients rated themselves on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Analysis of variance was performed to estimate the effect of VA severity levels on HADS scores adjusted on age, gender, and country. RESULTS Patients (females 60%) were recruited, with a mean age of 77 years and 2.3 years' disease duration. Mean BE:VA at inclusion was 0.49 logMar (logarithm of the minimum angled of resolution) and WE:VA 1.0 logMar. The prevalence of severe depression increased from 0% (BE:VA > or = 20/40+WE:VA > or = 20/200) to 7.6% (BE:VA < 20/40+WE:VA < 20/200), whereas anxiety was unrelated to VA loss. Moreover, total depression scores were strongly associated with VA severity (P = 0.006), but not total anxiety scores (P = 0.840). Responses to two HADS items ("I still enjoy things I used to enjoy"; "I can enjoy a good book or radio or television program") identified 95% of severely to moderately depressed patients. CONCLUSIONS Self-rated depression in patients with AMD was associated with VA severity level. It should, therefore, be relatively easy for ophthalmologists to implement the screening procedure and refer identified patients to psychiatrists for proper assessment and treatment.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a batch-extraction model based on the assumption of a second-order mechanism was developed to predict the rate constant of extraction, the saturated extraction capacity and the initial extraction rate with various temperatures in two solvents, water and ethanol 44% (w/w) in water.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the free radical scavenging properties of Maillard reaction products (MRP) obtained from aqueous mixtures of glucose (0.8 mol/l) with proline, glycine, arginine, lysine, cysteine or glutathione were investigated using different in vitro tests.
Abstract: Antioxidant properties of Maillard reaction products (MRP) obtained from aqueous mixtures of glucose (0.8 mol/l) with proline, glycine, arginine, lysine, cysteine or glutathione (0.5 mol/l) heated at 103 °C for 1–92 h were investigated using different in vitro tests. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by measuring their reactivity towards DPPH° and lipidic radicals produced by AAPH. Contrary to glucose–proline and glucose–glycine MRP, glucose-lysine and glucose–arginine MRP displayed high scavenging activities. The activity of glucose–lysine MRP peaked after 14 h of heating while the activity of glucose–arginine constantly increased during the whole heat treatment. The high scavenging capacity observed towards DPPH° for glucose–cysteine mixtures could be attributed to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine. The inhibitory effect of MRP on activity of two copper-oxidoreductases, apple polyphenoloxidase and mushroom tyrosinase, assessed by polarography, showed that thiol-derived MRP were the most potent inhibitors, even at very low levels in the reaction medium. Conversely, the other MRP were only slightly efficient at high levels. Unheated mixtures containing thiol compounds exhibited a potent copper chelating ability, as efficient as EDTA, when determined by the tetramethylmurexide (TMM) test. After heating, these mixtures lost part of their chelating efficiency, but it remained higher than that of the other MRP, suggesting that the sulfhydryl group also played a role in the copper chelating properties.
94 citations
TL;DR: Catheter-associated UTI was not found to be associated with excess mortality among the population of critically ill patients in either the ICU or the hospital, controlling for major confounding factors.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To produce an accurate estimate of the association between catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, controlling for major confounding factors. DESIGN: Nested case-control study in a multicenter cohort (the OutcomeRea database). SETTING: Twelve French medical or surgical ICUs. METHODS: All patients admitted between January 1997 and August 2005 who required the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter. Patients who developed catheter-associated UTI (ie, case patients) were matched to control patients on the basis of the following criteria: sex, age (+/- 10 years), SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiology Score) II score (+/- 10 points), duration of urinary tract catheterization, and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. The association of catheter-associated UTI with ICU and hospital mortality was assessed by use of conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 3,281 patients who had an indwelling urinary catheter, 298 (9%) developed at least 1 episode of catheter-associated UTI. The incidence density of catheter-associated UTI was 12.9 infections per 1,000 catheterization-days. Crude ICU mortality rates were higher among patients with catheter-associated UTI, compared with those without catheter-associated UTI (32% vs 25%, P=.02); the same was true for crude hospital mortality rates (43% vs 30%, P<.01). After matching and adjustment, catheter-associated UTI was no longer associated with increased mortality (ICU mortality: odds ratio [OR], 0.846 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.659-1.086]; P=.19 and hospital mortality: OR, 0.949 [95% CI, 0.763-1.181]; P=.64). CONCLUSION: After carefully controlling for confounding factors, catheter-associated UTI was not found to be associated with excess mortality among our population of critically ill patients in either the ICU or the hospital.
TL;DR: The conditionally Gaussian framework is discussed and semi-parametric pricing methods for models with path dependent drift and volatility are introduced for pricing of derivative pricing when the stochastic discount factors are exponential-affine functions of underlying state variable.
TL;DR: This case study describes a largely unsuccessful implementation of a French firm's ERP project in its Chinese subsidiary over 18 months, and suggests that China has particular cultural factors that include language, governance, political and legal issues.
TL;DR: Calixarenes are useful building platforms in the design of multichromophoric systems in which photoinduced phenomena (electron, charge and proton transfers, excimer formation and resonance energy transfer) are controlled by ions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the second-sound attenuation measurements were performed with a micromachined open-cavity resonator inserted across a flow of turbulent He-II near 1.6 K and the frequency power spectrum of the measured vortex line density was compatible with a (−5/3) power law.
Abstract: The fluctuations of the vortex density in a turbulent quantum fluid are deduced from local second-sound attenuation measurements. These measurements are performed with a micromachined open-cavity resonator inserted across a flow of turbulent He-II near 1.6 K. The frequency power spectrum of the measured vortex line density is compatible with a (−5/3) power law. The physical interpretation is discussed.
TL;DR: Travoprost and bimatoprost may have greater efficacy in lowering IOP for patients with OHT or glaucoma as well as other prostaglandin analogues as mono-therapy.
Abstract: Objective: To compare the efficacy of latanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost for lowering IOP in patients with glaucoma.Research design and methods: In order to carry out this meta-analysis, randomized trials (2001–2004) were identified on Medline and EMBASE using the following key words: glaucoma, ocular hypertension (OHT), randomization, trial, latanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost. The studies had to compare at least two prostaglandin analogues as mono-therapy. Cross-over experimental designs were excluded. The main outcome measure was IOP at final visit. Statistical analyses included random effects, pooled estimates of treatment effects, tests for publication bias, and random-effects models to obtain adjusted treatment effects on final IOP after lowering for baseline IOP, and duration of follow-up. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to estimate the adjusted effects of treatments on response rates (IOP < 18 mmHg).Results: Nine studies were used in the analysis. Patient mean age...
TL;DR: A research project, under the auspices of the CCT-WG5, has been formulated and is currently in progress with the aim of achieving the above mentioned targets by 2012 and will describe this project and detail partner contributions.
Abstract: Research into high-temperature fixed points above 1,100°C has made significant progress since they were first reported in 1999. In particular, it has been established that single cells are repeatable at the sub-50 mK level, and intra-cell reproducibility at the 100 mK level has been demonstrated even at temperatures as high as 2,500°C. The fixed points have been used to compare temperature and radiometry scales over a wide temperature range, and are being developed and established as secondary references for thermocouple calibrations. However, before they can be fully accepted as primary temperature references, much work remains to be done, namely: (1) Establishment of long-term stability of the fixed-point temperature; (2) Development of robust procedures for the reliable construction of the fixed-point cells (to ensure routine intra-cell reproducibility of 100 mK); (3) Demonstration of long-term robustness of the fixed-point cells; (4) Assignment of thermodynamic temperatures to a selected set of fixed points; (5) Agreement and acceptance of these temperature values by the CCT; (6) Agreed methods on how to take full utility of these new fixed points into any future International Temperature Scale (ITS)—or the current ITS-90 via an addendum to the mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin. To ensure that this work progresses to completion in a reasonable time frame, a research project, under the auspices of the CCT-WG5, has been formulated and is currently in progress with the aim of achieving the above mentioned targets by 2012. This article will describe this project and detail partner contributions.
TL;DR: A method to analyse links between binary attributes in a large sparse data set is proposed and is used to extract best rules depending on the application concerned.
TL;DR: In this paper, the grain growth is interpreted by using two parameters, the thermal gradient (G ) and the displacement rate of the Ar 3 isotherm (R ), which vary with location and time during the welding operations.
15 Apr 2007
TL;DR: This work proposes a scalable distributed data structure (SDDS) called SD-Rtree, which uses a distributed balanced binary spatial tree that scales with insertions to potentially any number of storage servers through splits of the overloaded ones.
Abstract: We propose a scalable distributed data structure (SDDS) called SD-Rtree. We intend our structure for point and window queries over possibly large spatial datasets distributed on clusters of interconnected servers. SD-Rtree generalizes the well-known Rtree structure. It uses a distributed balanced binary spatial tree that scales with insertions to potentially any number of storage servers through splits of the overloaded ones. A user/application manipulates the structure from a client node. The client addresses the tree through its image that the splits can make outdated. This may generate addressing errors, solved by the forwarding among the servers. Specific messages towards the clients incrementally correct the outdated images.
TL;DR: Findings may support the previously proposed native anti-glucocorticoid paradigm and suggest that the 7alpha-hydroxy-DHEA production is a key for the fine tuning of glucoc Corticoid levels in tissues.
TL;DR: A modified PLS path modeling algorithm together with a model building strategy are introduced and applied to customer satisfaction analysis at the French energy supplier Electricite de France.
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-bed ad-sorption chiller with mass recovery scheme was compared with that of the chiller without mass recovery for heat source temperatures between 60 and 90 °C.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the general properties of the luminescence decay law is carried out, and conditions that a decay must satisfy in order to correspond to a probability density function of rate constants are established.
TL;DR: In this paper, Paris et al. developed an estimate to demonstrate that surface crack growth following initiation is a small portion of the total experimental life if over 107 cycles, where both internal and surface initiations of cracks occurred.
TL;DR: A boundary element method is used to recover free field conditions from noisy bounded space situations and gives good results for ka up to 5 when the discretization of the surfaces is sufficient.
Abstract: In this article, a boundary element method is used to recover free field conditions from noisy bounded space situations. The proposed approach is based on the Helmholtz integral formulation. The method requires the knowledge of double layer pressure fields on two parallel closed surfaces surrounding the source. First, the outgoing and ingoing pressure field are separated using Helmholtz integral. Then, the incident field scattered by the tested source is subtracted from the outgoing field to recover the pressure field which would have been radiated in free space. To simplify the process, rigid body approximation for the source is used. The method is numerically tested in the following conditions: the chosen sound source is the upper spherical cap of a rigid sphere, the source is located at the center of a rigid spherical cavity, and a monopole secondary source is added to blur the primary pressure field. Simulations give good results for ka up to 5 when the discretization of the surfaces is sufficient.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed and compared the MAB in noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients (n = 22) using fluorescence in situ hybridization with 7 group-specific probes and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis.
Abstract: Background: The mucosa-associated bacteria (MAB) are suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. We analyzed and compared the MAB in noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients (n = 22).
Methods: Tissue samples from the inflamed ileal mucosa and from the adjacent noninflamed ileal mucosa were taken from surgical resection specimens. The MAB were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization with 7 group-specific probes and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE).
Results: Samples from both noninflamed and inflamed mucosa were obtained from 15 patients. The distribution of the bacterial populations was not different between noninflamed and inflamed mucosa. The Bacteroidetes phylum was dominant and accounted for 29% of MAB (0%–74%) in noninflamed tissues and 32% (0%–70%) in inflamed areas. The γ Proteobacteria represented 12% (0%–70%) of MAB both in noninflamed and inflamed areas. The Clostridium coccoides group (Firmicutes phylum) represented 15% of MAB in noninflamed tissues versus 7% in inflamed areas. For most of the patients the similarity index between TTGE paired profiles was very high.
Conclusion: The dominant MAB do not differ between noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease. This argues against a localized dysbiosis to explain the patchy distribution of mucosal lesions.
(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)
15 Nov 2007-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the Paris-Hertzberg-McClintock crack growth rate law, d a / d N = b ( Δ K eff / E b ) 3, was used to demonstrate that crack growth is not of significant portion of total life if over 10 7 cycles for a low carbon steel SAE 8620, with ferrite-pearlite microstructure.
Abstract: In recent years, the importance of knowing the materials behavior under very-high-cycle fatigue has been pointed out by many research laboratories around the world. An important failure phenomenon has been seen between 10 6 and 10 8 cycles, where the failure initiation may switch location from the specimen surface to an interior “fish-eye”. The Paris–Hertzberg–McClintock crack growth rate law, d a / d N = b ( Δ K eff / E b ) 3 , will demonstrate that crack growth is not of significant portion of total life if over 10 7 cycles for a low carbon steel SAE 8620, with ferrite-pearlite microstructure. In this discussion, the presence of closure will be explored for a range of transition sizes from small to long crack and various load ratios. Cracks initiating at both surface and internal sites will also be considered. Finally, the stress intensity factor at final failure for internal failure will be estimated to see its impact.
10 Sep 2007
TL;DR: This work aims at bridging the gap between proof assistants that yield formal guarantees of reliability and highly automated tools one has to trust, and presents an approach making use of both shallow and deep embeddings.
Abstract: Nowadays, formal methods rely on tools of different kinds: proof assistants with which the user interacts to discover a proof step by step; and fully automated tools which make use of (intricate) decision procedures. But while some proof assistants can checkthe soundness of a proof, they lack automation. Regarding automated tools, one still has to be satisfied with their answers Yes / No / Do not know , the validity of which can be subject to question, in particular because of the increasing size and complexity of these tools.
In the context of rewriting techniques, we aim at bridging the gap between proof assistants that yield formal guarantees of reliability and highly automated tools one has to trust. We present an approach making use of both shallow and deep embeddings. We illustrate this approach with a prototype based on the CiME rewriting toolbox, which can discover involved termination proofs that can be certified by the Coq proof assistant, using the Coccinelle library for rewriting.
German National Metrology Institute1, National Research Council2, National Physical Laboratory3, National Institute of Standards and Technology4, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers5, International Bureau of Weights and Measures6, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology7, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science8
TL;DR: In this paper, a task group has been formed to consider the implications of changing the definitions of the above-mentioned base units of the SI, with particular emphasis on the kelvin and the impact of the changes on metrology in thermometry.
Abstract: The International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) approved, in its Recommendation 1 of 2005, preparative steps towards new definitions of the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin, and the mole in terms of fundamental constants. Within the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT), a task group (TG-SI) has been formed to consider the implications of changing the definitions of the above-mentioned base units of the SI, with particular emphasis on the kelvin and the impact of the changes on metrology in thermometry. The TG-SI has presented the results of its deliberations to the CCT and to the Consultative Committee for Units, CCU, and worked with them to prepare a report to the CIPM. This contribution, authored by the members of TG-SI, solicits input from the wider scientific and technical community on this important matter at the TEMPMEKO 2007 conference. For this purpose, the main details of the report to the CIPM are presented. The unit of temperature T, the kelvin, can be defined in terms of the SI unit of energy, the joule, by fixing the value of the Boltzmann constant k, which is simply the proportionality constant between temperature and thermal energy kT. Currently, several experiments are underway to determine k. The TG-SI is monitoring closely the results of all experiments relevant to the possible new definition of the kelvin, and has identified conditions to be met before proceeding with the proposed redefinition. The TG-SI considers that these conditions will be fulfilled before the 24th General Conference on Weights and Measures in October 2011. Therefore, the TG-SI is recommending a redefinition of the kelvin by fixing the value of the Boltzmann constant. A new definition of the kelvin in terms of the Boltzmann constant does not require the replacement of ITS-90 with an improved temperature scale nor does it prevent such a replacement.