Showing papers by "Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul published in 2012"
TL;DR: Results are interpreted in regard to the possible direction of movement of the pathogen between countries and suggest a possible Chinese origin of the European and New Zealand outbreaks.
Abstract: Intercontinental spread of emerging plant diseases is one of the most serious threats to world agriculture. One emerging disease is bacterial canker of kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA). The disease first occurred in China and Japan in the 1980s and in Korea and Italy in the 1990s. A more severe form of the disease broke out in Italy in 2008 and in additional countries in 2010 and 2011 threatening the viability of the global kiwi fruit industry. To start investigating the source and routes of international transmission of PSA, genomes of strains from China (the country of origin of the genus Actinidia), Japan, Korea, Italy and Portugal have been sequenced. Strains from China, Italy, and Portugal have been found to belong to the same clonal lineage with only 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3,453,192 bp and one genomic island distinguishing the Chinese strains from the European strains. Not more than two SNPs distinguish each of the Italian and Portuguese strains from each other. The Japanese and Korean strains belong to a separate genetic lineage as previously reported. Analysis of additional European isolates and of New Zealand isolates exploiting genome-derived markers showed that these strains belong to the same lineage as the Italian and Chinese strains. Interestingly, the analyzed New Zealand strains are identical to European strains at the tested SNP loci but test positive for the genomic island present in the sequenced Chinese strains and negative for the genomic island present in the European strains. Results are interpreted in regard to the possible direction of movement of the pathogen between countries and suggest a possible Chinese origin of the European and New Zealand outbreaks.
124 citations
TL;DR: The scope of this article is to elicit a debate among different stakeholders in the evaluation in the hope that it can contribute to the reflection on the real usefulness of evaluations in which the political component in management has been increasingly prevalent.
Abstract: The management of health services is a complex administrative practice due to the breadth of the field of health and the need to reconcile individual, corporate and collective interests that are not always convergent. In this context, the evaluation needs to have specific characteristics in order to fulfill its role. The scope of this study was to establish the characteristics that the evaluation for the management of health services should have to contribute to decision-making. Usefulness, opportunity, feasibility, reliability, objectivity and directionality represent the set of principles upon which the evaluation should be based. Evaluations should lead to decisions that guarantee not only their efficiency and effectiveness but also their implementation. The evaluation process should ensure that decisions involve all stakeholders in order to render the implementation of decisions feasible, and take into account the health needs of the population and the goals set for the services. The scope of this article is to elicit a debate among different stakeholders in the evaluation in the hope that it can contribute to the reflection on the real usefulness of evaluations in which the political component in management has been increasingly prevalent.
118 citations
TL;DR: Floristic and phytossociology data of 11 plots of 1 ha, allocated along an altitudinal gradient in the Serra do Mar, Sao Paulo, Brazil, found 562 species in 195 genera and 68 families, while 12 other species did not occur only in the Restinga Forest.
Abstract: This paper summarizes floristic and phytossociology data of 11, out of 14 plots of 1 ha, allocated along an altitudinal gradient in the Serra do Mar, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study was conducted at Serra do Mar State Park and the plots start at the sea level (10 m - plot of Restinga Forest that occurs at Praia da Fazenda, Picinguaba, municipality of Ubatuba) up to 1100 m above sea level (the Montane Ombrophilous Dense occurs alongside the Itamambuca Trail, municipality of Sao Luis do Paraitinga). The Restinga Forest occurs in Pleistocenic Coastal Plain where the soil is classified as a sandy Quartzipsamment (Quartzenic Neosol), while along the slopes of the Serra do Mar, the Ombrophylus Dense Forest grows on the top of a pre-Cambrian crystalline basement with granitic rocks, where the soil is a sandy-loam Dystrophic Inceptisol (Cambisol/Latosol). In all 14 plots soils are acidic (pH 3 - 4), chemically poor, with high dilution of nutrients and high saturation of aluminum. In the Restinga and at the foot of the slope the climate is Tropical/Subtropical Humid (Af/Cfa), with no dry season, an average annual rainfall over 2,200 mm and an average annual temperature of 22 oC. Towards the top of the Serra do Mar there is a gradual cooling along the slope, but there is no reduction in rainfall, so at 1,100 m above sea level the climate is classified as Humid Subtropical (Cfa/Cfb), with no dry season and an average annual temperature of 17 oC. It is important to remark that, almost daily, from 400 m above sea level up to the top of slopes the mountains are covered by a dense fog. In the 14 plots 21,733 individuals with DBH > 4.8 cm, including trees, palms and ferns, were marked, measured and sampled. The average number of individuals sampled in each plot was 1264 ind.ha-1(± 218 SE 95%). Within the parameters considered trees prevailed (71% in the Montane ODF to 90% in the Restinga Forest), followed by palms (10% in the RF and 25% in the Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest/ODF) and ferns (0% % in the RF and 4% in the Montane ODF). Regarding these proportions the Exploited Lowlands ODF differs from the others with only 1.8% of palm trees and striking 10% of ferns. The forest canopy is irregular with heights ranging from 7 to 9 m, rarely emergent trees reach 18 m, and due to this irregularity of the canopy the amount of light that gets through sets conditions for the development of hundreds of epiphytic species. Aside from Montana ODF, where the number of dead trees was more than 5% of individuals sampled, in the other phytophysiognomies this value was below 2.5%. In the 11 plots where the floristic study was conducted we found 562 species in 195 genera and 68 families. Only seven species - Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae), Calyptranthes lucida Mart. ex DC. and Marlierea tomentosa Cambess (both Myrtaceae), Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (Nyctaginaceae), Cupania oblongifolia Mart. (Sapindaceae), Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. and Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini (both Urticaceae) - occurred from Restinga to Montane ODF, while 12 other species did not occur only in the Restinga Forest. Families with the greatest number of species are Myrtaceae (133 spp), Fabaceae (47 spp), Rubiaceae (49) and Lauraceae (49) throughout the gradient and Monimiaceae (21) specifically in portions Montane ODF. Only in the F plot, where logging has occurred between 1950 and 1985, the abundance of palm trees has been replaced by Cyatheaceae. The study shows a peak of diversity and richness, Shannon-Weiner index (H') ranging from 3.96 to 4.48 nats.ind-1, in the intermediate altitudes (300 to 400 m) along the slope. Several explanations for this result are raised here, including the fact that these elevations are within the limits expansions and retractions of the different phytophysiognomies of the Atlantic ODF due to climate fluctuations during the Pleistocene. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the extraordinary richness of tree species of the Atlantic Rainforest from the northeastern coast of the State of Sao Paulo, reinforcing the importance of its conservation throughout the altitudinal gradient. The richness of this forest justifies a long term commitment to study its dynamics and functioning through permanent plots, and monitor the impacts of climate change in this vegetation.
90 citations
TL;DR: It is shown thatSalivary Ags from the sand fly, and specifically the LJM11 salivary protein, are recognized by FS Abs and cross-react with anti-Dsg1 monoclonal autoantibodies derived from FS patients, which may initiate a cross-reactive IgG4 Ab response in genetically susceptible individuals and lead to subsequent FS.
Abstract: The environmental factors that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases are largely unknown. Endemic pemphigus foliaceus in humans, known as Fogo Selvagem (FS) in Brazil, is mediated by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 (Dsg1). Clusters of FS overlap with those of leishmaniasis, a disease transmitted by sand fly (Lutzomyia longipalpis) bites. In this study, we show that salivary Ags from the sand fly, and specifically the LJM11 salivary protein, are recognized by FS Abs. Anti-Dsg1 monoclonal autoantibodies derived from FS patients also cross-react with LJM11. Mice immunized with LJM11 generate anti-Dsg1 Abs. Thus, insect bites may deliver salivary Ags that initiate a cross-reactive IgG4 Ab response in genetically susceptible individuals and lead to subsequent FS. Our findings establish a clear relationship between an environmental, noninfectious Ag and the development of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease.
79 citations
TL;DR: The effectiveness of indicator taxa in representing spatial variation in macroinvertebrate community composition in Atlantic Forest streams is evaluated and it is shown that a relatively small subset of taxa would represent 80% of the variation in community composition shown by the entire metacommunity.
Abstract: Because of inadequate knowledge and funding, the use of biodiversity indicators is often suggested as a way to support management decisions. Consequently, many studies have analyzed the performance of certain groups as indicator taxa. However, in addition to knowing whether certain groups can adequately represent the biodiversity as a whole, we must also know whether they show similar responses to the main structuring processes affecting biodiversity. Here we present an application of the metacommunity framework for evaluating the effectiveness of biodiversity indicators. Although the metacommunity framework has contributed to a better understanding of biodiversity patterns, there is still limited discussion about its implications for conservation and biomonitoring. We evaluated the effectiveness of indicator taxa in representing spatial variation in macroinvertebrate community composition in Atlantic Forest streams, and the processes that drive this variation. We focused on analyzing whether some groups conform to environmental processes and other groups are more influenced by spatial processes, and on how this can help in deciding which indicator group or groups should be used. We showed that a relatively small subset of taxa from the metacommunity would represent 80% of the variation in community composition shown by the entire metacommunity. Moreover, this subset does not have to be composed of predetermined taxonomic groups, but rather can be defined based on random subsets. We also found that some random subsets composed of a small number of genera performed better in responding to major environmental gradients. There were also random subsets that seemed to be affected by spatial processes, which could indicate important historical processes. We were able to integrate in the same theoretical and practical framework, the selection of biodiversity surrogates, indicators of environmental conditions, and more importantly, an explicit integration of environmental and spatial processes into the selection approach.
79 citations
74 citations
TL;DR: Fumarprotocetaric as well as protocetraric acids, isolated and purified from C. verticillaris and Parmotrema dilatatum respectively, influenced the development of L. sativa seedlings at high concentrations, indicating a possible bioherbicide potential of these acids.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, sediment cores from shallow lakes connected to the Upper Paraguay River (PR) were analyzed and radiocarbon dated to track changes in sedimentary environments, and the results provided novel support for hypotheses on: (1) stratigraphic discontinuity of floodplain sedimentary archives; (2) late Holocene methane flux from Southern Hemisphere wetlands; and (3) pre-colonial indigenous ceramics traditions in western Brazil.
65 citations
TL;DR: All of the studies related to the reproductive biology, genetic diversity, and population structure of the Bromeliaceae are compiled, and the evolution and conservation of this family is discussed.
Abstract: Bromeliaceae is a morphologically distinctive and ecologically diverse family originating in the New World. Three centers of diversity, 58 genera, and about 3,140 bromeliad species are currently recognized. We compiled all of the studies related to the reproductive biology, genetic diversity, and population structure of the Bromeliaceae, and discuss the evolution and conservation of this family. Bromeliads are preferentially pollinated by vertebrates and show marked variation in breeding systems, from predominant inbreeding to predominant outcrossing, as well as constancy in chromosome number (2n = 2x = 50). Autogamous or mixed mating system bromeliads have a high inbreeding coefficient (FIS), while outcrossing species show low FIS. The degree of differentiation among populations (FST )o f species ranges from 0.043 to 0.961, which can be influenced by pollen and seed dispersal effects, clonal growth, gene flow rates, and connectivity among populations. The evolutionary history of the Bromeliaceae is poorly known, although some studies have indicated that the family arose in the Guayana Shield roughly 100 Mya. We believe that genetic, cytogenetic, and reproductive data will be essential for diagnosing species status and for assisting conservation programs.
63 citations
TL;DR: In conclusion, laser therapy, especially at a wavelength of 808 nm, stimulated angiogenesis and reduced the formation of fibrosis in an experimental model of OA.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of low-level laser radiation at wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA). The sample was composed of 36 male adult Wistar rats divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). For the induction of cartilage injury, three injections of 4% papain and 10 μL of a cysteine solution were performed at right knee of the hind leg. Two weeks after the last injection, group G1 was treated with InGaAlP (660 nm, 100 mW, 3.57 W cm−2, 40 s) and G2 was treated with AsGaAl (808 nm, 100 mW, 3.57 W cm−2, 40 s) both with energy of 4 J. There were significant differences in the type of squamous epithelium between days 7 and 14 in G2 (P < 0.05) and on day 14 between G1 and G2 (P < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significant differences were found in the formation of new blood vessels between G1 and G3 on days 7 and 21 as well as between G2 and G3 on day 21. The formation of fibrotic tissue was greater in G3 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, laser therapy, especially at a wavelength of 808 nm, stimulated angiogenesis and reduced the formation of fibrosis in an experimental model of OA.
63 citations
TL;DR: Although this model recognizes the family as a unit of care, a gap remains between theoretical knowledge and its application into clinical practice by health professionals, revealing the need for further research to indicate a means to transfer knowledge of this kind.
Abstract: This theoretical-philosophical study addresses Family-Centered Care and the practice of healthcare teams in caring for children with disabilities and their families. The birth of a child with a disability brings about a crisis that affects the entire family, shaking its identity, structure, and functioning. Family members find themselves unprepared to cope with or manage this new way of being a family; the child with a disability does not meet expectations, there is change of roles, and families may even break apart. The Family-Centered Care Model can support strengthening of the family, encouraging their potential, and promoting empowerment. Although this model recognizes the family as a unit of care, a gap remains between theoretical knowledge and its application into clinical practice by health professionals, revealing the need for further research to indicate a means to transfer knowledge of this kind. DESCRIPTORS: Family nursing. Disabled children. Nursing care.
TL;DR: It is concluded that LLLT is an important modulator of inflammatory cytokines release after injury in Achilles tendon.
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) on levels of protein expression of inflammatory mediators after cutting Achilles tendon of rats. Thirty Wistar male rats underwent partial incisions of the left Achilles tendon, and were divided into three groups of 10 animals according to the time of euthanasia after injury: 6, 24 and 72 h. Each group was then divided into control group and LLLT group (treated with 100 mW, 3.57 W cm )2 , 0.028 cm 2 , 214 J cm )2 , 6 J, 60 s, single point). In LLLT group, animals were treated once time per day until the time of euthanasia established for each group. The group treated with LLLT showed a significant reduction of IL-1b compared with control groups at three time points (6 h: P = 0.0401; 24 h: P = 0.0015; 72 h: P = 0.0463). The analysis of IL-6 showed significant reduction only in the LLLT group at 72 h compared with control group (P = 0.0179), whereas IL-10 showed a significant increase in the treated group compared with control group at three experimental times (6 h: P = 0.0007; 24 h: P = 0.0256; 72 h: P < 0.0001). We conclude that LLLT is an important modulator of inflammatory cytokines release after injury in Achilles tendon.
TL;DR: Overall, phyllostomids in the Pantanal fed on a low diversity of fruit and pollen species, and representatives of arthropod orders, appearing to induce a more ‘omnivorous’ diet regarding food types (fruits, floral resources, and arthropods with a high overlap of food sources.
Abstract: Multiple studies at a local scale on food items consumed by coexisting species are necessary to determine patterns of resource partitioning among phyllostomid bats. Here we report the food items consumed by 11 phyllostomid bats and the similarity among the diets of the six most abundant species in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. We identified food items from fecal samples collected from 347 bats captured between 2002 and 2007. Most individuals (76%) fed on fruits. Arthropods and pollen were present in 56% and 37% of the fecal samples, respectively. Fruits of Ficus species and Cecropia pachystachya were mainly consumed by Artibeus jamaicensis, Platyrrhinus lineatus and Glossophaga soricina, whereas Piper species were the main fruits consumed by Sturnira lilium and Carollia perspicillata. Bauhinia ungulata was the most common source of pollen consumed by ten bat species, including Chrotopterus auritus for which pollen consumption has never been described before. Lepidoptera occurred in higher frequencies than other arthropod orders among fecal samples, but Coleoptera was the most important order for the insectivorous Lophostoma silvicolum. Overall, phyllostomids in the Pantanal fed on a low diversity of fruit and pollen species, and representatives of arthropod orders, appearing to induce a more ‘omnivorous’ diet regarding food types (fruits, floral resources, and arthropods) with a high overlap of food sources.
TL;DR: A significant positive linear correlation between the abundance of sandflies and the percentage of vegetation cover and average NDVI is found, however, there was no significant association between habitat heterogeneity andThe abundance of these flies.
Abstract: The relationships between environmental exposure to risk agents and health conditions have been studied with the aid of remote sensing imagery, a tool particularly useful in the study of vegetation cover. This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and the reported canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases at an urban area of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sandfly captures were performed in 13 residences that were selected by raffle considering four residences or collection station for buffer. These buffers were generated from the central house with about 50, 100 and 200 m from it in an endemic area of VL. The abundance of sandflies and human and canine cases were georreferenced using the GIS software PCI Geomatica. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percentage of land covered by vegetation were the environmental variables extracted from a remote sensing IKONOS-2 image. The average NDVI was considered as the complexity of habitat and the standard deviation as the heterogeneity of habitat. One thousand three hundred sixty-seven specimens were collected during the catch. We found a significant positive linear correlation between the abundance of sandflies and the percentage of vegetation cover and average NDVI. However, there was no significant association between habitat heterogeneity and the abundance of these flies.
TL;DR: Patterns of behavior and diet that are typical to the genus but marginal for the species are indicated and there is a clear need to continue the studies of A. carayain the Bororo region, not only for a more systematic assessment of their ecological patterns, but also to contribute to the development of conservation strategies.
Abstract: The diet and activity patterns of a group of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) were monitored on the left bank of the Aquidauana river over 11 months, from September 2008 to July 2009. The group was composed of eight individuals, two adult males, three females and three immature including subadults and infants. Quantitative data were collected using scan sampling method for 5 minutes with an interval of 15 minutes. The general activities budget (n = 6434 records) was 64.7% rest, 18.5% travel, 10.1% feeding, 4.4% for social behavior and 2.3% for miscellaneous behaviors. The level of rest was similar to patterns of genus (64.7%). The diet (n = 606 records) was composed mainly of leaves (72.8%) and flowers (14.8%) and supplemented by fruits (8.2%) and buds (4.2%). The consumption of reproductive parts of plants, especially flowers, was relatively high by the standards of southerly populations of the species. Members of the group rested significantly less than feed during the rainy season. The diet was marked by the consumption of leaves throughout the study. The consumption was higher in the dry at flowers (17.8%) and fruits in the rainy season (12.9%). It also registered a substantial difference in the behavior of adults and immature individuals, where the first rested significantly more, but spent less time in other categories: food, travel and social interactions. Given this, it's likely that the general budget was under the influence of group's composition, where there was a predominance of mature members, a typical pattern in the genus. The results indicate patterns of behavior and diet that are typical to the genus but marginal for the species. The contrasts can be related mainly to the geographic location of the area of the study, the ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal, and concomitant ecological differences. There is a clear need to continue the studies of A. carayain the Bororo region, not only for a more systematic assessment of their ecological patterns, but also to contribute to the development of conservation strategies. O comportamento e a ecologia de um grupo de bugios-pretos ( Alouatta caraya) foram monitorados na margem esquerda do rio Aquidauana ao longo de 11 meses, de Setembro de 2008 a Julho de 2009. O grupo era composto nove individuos, dois machos adultos, tres femeas adultas e quatro imaturos entre subadultos, jovens e filhotes. Dados quantitativos foram coletados em varreduras de 5 minutos, com intervalo de 15 minutos. O orcamento geral de atividades (n = 6434 registros) foi de 64,71% para o descanso, 18,54% para o deslocamento, 10,13% para alimentacao, 3,20% para o comportamento social e 3,42 para outros. O nivel de descanso foi similar aos padroes do genero (64,71%). A dieta (n = 556 registros) foi composta, principalmente por folhas (72,83%) e flores (14,85%) e completada por frutos (8,20%) e brotos (4,02%). O consumo de partes reprodutivas de plantas, principalmente flores, foi relativamente alto para os padroes das populacoes mais meridionais da especie. Os membros do grupo descansaram significativamente mais e esse alimentaram menos na estacao chuvosa. A dieta foi marcada pelo consumo de folhas ao longo do estudo. A ingestao de flores foi maior na seca (17,84%) e a de frutos na chuvosa (12,99%). Foi registrada, tambem, uma diferenca consideravel no padrao comportamental de adultos e imaturos onde os primeiros descansaram significativamente mais, mas gastaram menos tempo nas demais categorias: alimentacao, deslocamento e interacoes sociais. Frente a esta situacao, parece provavel que o orcamento geral sofreu a influencia da composicao do grupo, onde predominaram os membros imaturos, um padrao atipico no genero. Apesar de constituir um trabalho ainda preliminar, os resultados indicam padroes de comportamento e dieta tipicos do genero Alouatta , embora marginais para a especie. Os contrastes podem estar relacionados principalmente em relacao a localizacao geografica mais setentrional da area de estudo em areas de ecotonos Cerrado-Pantanal e diferencas ecologicas concomitantes. E clara a necessidade de dar continuidade aos estudos de A. caraya na regiao Bororo, nao somente para uma avaliacao mais sistematica de seus padroes ecologicos, como tambem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estrategias de conservacao. PALAVRAS-CHAVE : Alouatta; bugios-bretos; biologia animal; ecologia comportamental; Cerrado & Pantanal
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl, which belongs to the class of sulfonylurea herbicide, was performed by Fenton, photo-Fenton and ozonation.
Virginia Bioinformatics Institute1, Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine2, Sandia National Laboratories3, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul4, University of Navarra5, University of Montpellier6, French Institute of Health and Medical Research7, Veterinary Laboratories Agency8, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention9, University of São Paulo10
TL;DR: A phylogenomic analysis of the draft genome sequences of BO1T and BO2 and of the Australian rodent strains 83-13 and NF2653 shows that they form two groups well separated from the other sequenced Brucella spp, demonstrating the existence of a group of early-diverging brucellae with traits that depart significantly from those of the BrucellA species described thus far.
Abstract: Brucella species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals. Recently, two unusual strains (Brucella inopinata BO1 T and B. inopinata -like BO2) have been isolated from human patients, and their similarity to some atypical brucellae isolated from Australian native rodent species was noted. Here we present a phylogenomic analysis of the draft genome sequences of BO1 T and BO2 and of the Australian rodent strains 83-13 and NF2653 that shows that they form two groups well separated from the other sequenced Brucella spp. Several important differences were noted. Both BO1 T and BO2 did not agglutinate significantly when live or inactivated cells were exposed to monospecific A and M antisera against O-side chain sugars composed of N- formyl-perosamine. While BO1 T maintained the genes required to synthesize a typical Brucella O-antigen, BO2 lacked many of these genes but still produced a smooth LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Most missing genes were found in the wbk region involved in O-antigen synthesis in classic smooth Brucella spp. In their place, BO2 carries four genes that other bacteria use for making a rhamnose-based O-antigen. Electrophoretic, immunoblot, and chemical analyses showed that BO2 carries an antigenically different O-antigen made of repeating hexose-rich oligosaccharide units that made the LPS water-soluble, which contrasts with the homopolymeric O-antigen of other smooth brucellae that have a phenol-soluble LPS. The results demonstrate the existence of a group of early-diverging brucellae with traits that depart significantly from those of the Brucella species described thus far. IMPORTANCE This report examines differences between genomes from four new Brucella strains and those from the classic Brucella spp. Our results show that the four new strains are outliers with respect to the previously known Brucella strains and yet are part of the genus, forming two new clades. The analysis revealed important information about the evolution and survival mechanisms of Brucella species, helping reshape our knowledge of this important zoonotic pathogen. One discovery of special importance is that one of the strains, BO2, produces an O-antigen distinct from any that has been seen in any other Brucella isolates to date.
TL;DR: In this paper, two kinds of samples of pyrolysis liquid were analyzed, one produced at laboratory and other acquired from a company that supplies agricultural inputs, and the analyses were carried out by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GCMS).
Abstract: In this study, two kinds of samples of pyrolysis liquid were analyzed, one produced at laboratory and other acquired from a company that supplies agricultural inputs. The analyses were carried out by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The profiles corresponding to the two samples are discussed. Syringol, 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene, 2-metoxy-4-methylphenol, o-guaiacol and 5-tert-butylpyrogalol were the most abundant substances in the acid extract (pyroligneous acid + soluble tar). The composition of the pyrolysis liquids was mainly characterized for methoxyphenols (guaiacol, syringol and their derivatives), phenols, carboxylic acids (C5-C17) and in a smaller amount for alcohol (C5-C9), ketones (C7-C8) and aldehydes (C5-C7). The results for the foliar fertilizer showed the presence of soluble tar and pyroligneous acid.
TL;DR: It is possible to conclude that motor physical therapy is a feasible and safe therapy for critically ill patients and can minimize the deleterious effects of prolonged immobilization.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analisar os desfechos propiciados pela fisioterapia motora em pacientes criticos assistidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. METODOS: Por meio de uma revisao sistematica da literatura, foram admitidos ensaios clinicos publicados entre 2002 e 2011. A busca envolveu as bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MedLine, EMBASE e Cochrane, usando os descritores "intensive care unit", "physiotherapy", "physical therapy", "mobility", "mobilization" e "randomized controlled trials". Dois pesquisadores independentes realizaram a triagem dos artigos, tendo incluido trabalhos que abordassem a acao da fisioterapia em pacientes criticos. RESULTADOS: De uma analise inicial de 67 artigos potencialmente relevantes, apenas 8 contemplaram os criterios de selecao e abordaram os desfechos provenientes das tecnicas de eletroestimulacao, cicloergometro e cinesioterapia. O tamanho amostral variou de 8 a 101 sujeitos, com media de idade entre 52 e 79 anos. Todos os pacientes estavam sob ventilacao mecânica invasiva. Dos artigos analisados, seis indicaram beneficios significativos da fisioterapia motora em pacientes criticos, como melhora na forca muscular periferica, capacidade respiratoria e na funcionalidade. CONCLUSAO: Por meio desta revisao sistematica, foi possivel concluir que a fisioterapia motora consiste em uma terapia segura e viavel em pacientes criticos, podendo minimizar os efeitos deleterios da imobilizacao prolongada. A abordagem envolvendo eletroestimulacao, cicloergometro e cinesioterapia motora mostrou respostas positivas no paciente sob terapia intensiva. O nivel de evidencia atualmente disponivel a cerca do impacto da acao da fisioterapia motora sobre tempo de permanencia na unidade de terapia intensiva e mortalidade ainda e baixo sendo necessarios novos estudos.
TL;DR: Monitor the healing of DSDb by sequential biopsies after PRP treatment and evaluating by a scanning electron microscopy, to characterize bacterial profile and PRP antibacterial effect in horses' burns.
TL;DR: It is not possible to generalize that essential fatty acids have a positive effect on the healing process or have antimicrobial effects on wound healing, so it is necessary to conduct studies of higher methodological rigor, comparing the different formulas available with fatty acids and their effects on the Healing process.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the Brazilian scientific production on the topical use of fatty acids in wound care, and to describe the effects of its administration in this process. This integrative literature review included articles indexed in Lilacs and BEDENF databases. Data collection was carried out in December 2010 using controlled descriptors and without publication date limitations. The sample consisted of nine articles, mostly concerning animal models and the use of different fatty acids mixtures. Due to the lack of randomized clinical trials in human beings and the limitations of this review, it is not possible to generalize that essential fatty acids have a positive effect on the healing process or have antimicrobial effects on wound healing. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies of higher methodological rigor, comparing the different formulas available with fatty acids and their effects on the healing process.
TL;DR: Evaluating the degree of conversion (DC) of four composite resins photo-activated with second- and third-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs) showed the nanofilled resin showed the lowest DC, and the Vit-l-escenceTM microhybrid composite Resins showed the highest DC.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:This study aimed at evaluating the degree of conversion (DC) of four composite resins, being one nanofilled and 3 microhybrid resins, photo-activated with second- and third-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Filtek TM Z350 nanofilled composite resins and Amelogen® Plus, Vit-l-escenceTM and Opallis microhybrid resins were photo-activated with two second-generation LEDs (Radii-cal and Elipar Free LightTM 2) and one third-generation LED (Ultra-Lume LED 5) by continuous light mode, and a quartz halogen-tungsten bulb (QHT, control). After 24 h of storage, the samples were pulverized into fine powder and 5 mg of each material were mixed with 100 mg of potassium bromide (KBr). After homogenization, they were pressed, which resulted in a pellet that was evaluated using an infrared spectromer (Nexus 470, Thermo Nicolet) equipped with TGS detector using diffuse reflectance (32 scans, resolution of 4 cm-1) coupled to a computer. The percentage of unreacted carbon-carbon double bonds (% C=C) was determined from the ratio of absorbance intensities of aliphatic C=C (peak at 1637 cm-1) against internal standard before and after curing of the specimen: aromatic C-C (peak at 1610 cm-1). RESULTS: The ANOVA showed a significant effect on the interaction between the light-curing units (LCUs) and the composite resins (p<0.001). The Tukey’s test showed that the nanofilled resin (FiltekTM Z350) and Opallis when photo-activated by the halogen lamp (QTH) had the lowest DC compared with the other microhybrid composite resins. The DC of the nanofilled resin (FiltekTM Z350) was also lower using LEDs. The highest degrees of conversion were obtained using the third-generation LED and one of second-generation LEDs (Elipar Free LightTM 2). CONCLUSIONS: The nanofilled resin showed the lowest DC, and the Vit-l-escenceTM microhybrid composite resin showed the highest DC. Among the LCUs, it was not possible to establish an order, even though the second-generation LED Radii-cal provided the lowest DC.
TL;DR: In this paper, a Panel for the Monitoring and Evaluation of Management of the Unified Health System (SUS) was created to provide a simple, versatile and useful tool for evaluation at any level of management and more transparent and easier communication with all stakeholders.
Abstract: This study sought to develop methodology for the construction of a Panel for the Monitoring and Evaluation of Management of the Unified Health System (SUS). The participative process used in addition to the systematization conducted made it possible to identify an effective strategy for building management tools in partnership with researchers, academic institutions and managers of the SUS. The final systematization of the Panel selected indicators for the management of the SUS in terms of Demand, Inputs, Processes, Outputs and Outcomes in order to provide a simple, versatile and useful tool for evaluation at any level of management and more transparent and easier communication with all stakeholders in decision-making. Taking the management of the SUS as the scope of these processes and practices in all normative aspects enabled dialog between systemic theories and those which consider the centrality of the social actor in the decision-making process.
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial variability of rainfall erosivity of the state Mato Grosso do Sul was analyzed using ordinary kriging interpolation using three pluviograph stations.
Abstract: Information about rainfall erosivity is important during soil and water conservation planning. Thus, the spatial variability of rainfall erosivity of the state Mato Grosso do Sul was analyzed using ordinary kriging interpolation. For this, three pluviograph stations were used to obtain the regression equations between the erosivity index and the rainfall coefficient EI30. The equations obtained were applied to 109 pluviometric stations, resulting in EI30 values. These values were analyzed from geostatistical technique, which can be divided into: descriptive statistics, adjust to semivariogram, cross-validation process and implementation of ordinary kriging to generate the erosivity map.Highest erosivity values were found in central and northeast regions of the State, while the lowest values were observed in the southern region. In addition, high annual precipitation values not necessarily produce higher erosivity values.
TL;DR: To obtain a further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacologic diversity of this kissing bug and to identify possible allergens that might be associated with this autoimmune disease, a cDNA library from its SGs was randomly sequenced.
Abstract: Triatoma matogrossensis is a Hemiptera that belongs to the oliveirai complex, a vector of Chagas' disease that feeds on vertebrate blood in all life stages. Hematophagous insects' salivary glands (SGs) produce potent pharmacologic compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. Exposure to T. matogrossensis was also found to be a risk factor associated with the endemic form of the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus foliaceus, which is described in the same regions where Chagas' disease is observed in Brazil. To obtain a further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacologic diversity of this kissing bug and to identify possible allergens that might be associated with this autoimmune disease, a cDNA library from its SGs was randomly sequenced. We present the analysis of a set of 2,230 (SG) cDNA sequences, 1,182 of which coded for proteins of a putative secretory nature.
TL;DR: The modeling approach is described and an overview of the motivation for the optimization and a description of the DE technique are provided, and results show the viability of the proposed method.
Abstract: In this paper, the use of differential evolution (DE), a global search technique inspired by evolutionary theory, to find the parameters that are required to achieve optimum dynamic response of parallel operation of inverters with no interconnection among the controllers is proposed. Basically, in order to reach such a goal, the system is modeled in a certain way that the slopes of P- ω and Q -V curves are the parameters to be tuned. Such parameters, when properly tuned, result in system's eigenvalues located in positions that assure the system's stability and oscillation-free dynamic response with minimum settling time. This paper describes the modeling approach and provides an overview of the motivation for the optimization and a description of the DE technique. Simulation and experimental results are also presented, and they show the viability of the proposed method.
TL;DR: All plants investigated showed antimicrobial properties against at least one microorganism and two species were also significantly toxic to brine shrimp larvae, opening the possibility of finding new antimicrobial agents from these natural sources.
TL;DR: W' estimated from the 2-parameter mathematical equations did not correlate with MAOD or W ANAER in table tennis-specific tests, indicating that W' may not provide a strong and valid estimation of anaerobic capacity and an aerobic capacity work.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the validity of the curvature constant parameter (W′), calculated from 2-parameter mathematical equations of critical power model, in estimating the anaerobic capacity and anaerobic work capacity from a table tennis-specific test. Specifically, we aimed to i) compare constants estimated from three critical intensity models in a table tennis-specific test (Cf); ii) correlate each estimated W′ with the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD); iii) correlate each W′ with the total amount of anaerobic work (W
ANAER) performed in each exercise bout performed during the Cf test. Nine national-standard male table tennis players participated in the study. MAOD was 63.0(10.8) mL · kg − 1 and W′ values were 32.8(6.6) balls for the linear–frequency model, 38.3(6.9) balls for linear–total balls model, 48.7(8.9) balls for Nonlinear–2 parameter model. Estimated W′ from the Nonlinear 2-parameter model was significantly different from W′ from the other 2 models (P<0.05). Also, none W′ values were significantly correlated with MAOD or W
ANAER (r ranged from − 0.58 to 0.51; P>0.13). Thus, W′ estimated from the 2-parameter mathematical equations did not correlate with MAOD or W
ANAER in table tennis-specific tests, indicating that W′ may not provide a strong and valid estimation of anaerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity work.
TL;DR: In this article, Agronomic, morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics of leaves of nine Panicum maximum genotypes were evaluated in Brazil, to verify if these characteristics and the associations among them may influence the quality of the leaf blades.
TL;DR: The way the individual deals with his frustrations, or rather the work engagement, is associated with the occupational stress, and workers' health may be protected if there is encouragement to face challenges, which may lessen the impact on psychological and somatic stress and thus have greater personal and professional satisfaction.
Abstract: The occupational stress is associated with dissatisfaction, excessive demand at work and personal factors. Those factors can reduce work performance and can predispose workers to various diseases. Workers' health may be protected if there is encouragement to face challenges, which may lessen the impact on psychological and somatic stress and thus have greater personal and professional satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational stress and work engagement. Participated in this study 457 male and female workers of a metallurgical industry. Subjects answered personal data, and the Job Stress Scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were applied. Results showed an association between occupational stress and work engagement (P=0,001). The way the individual deals with his frustrations, or rather the work engagement, is associated with the occupational stress.