Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Dual Burden of Smoked and Smokeless Tobacco Use in India, 2009-2017: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis Based on Global Adult Tobacco Survey.

Abstract: Introduction The dual use of smoked and smokeless tobacco (SLT) poses a serious challenge to tobacco control efforts. This article examines the trends and patterns of this usage in India during the period 2009-2010 and 2016-2017. Methods Data from two rounds of nationally representative cross-sectional Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 and 2016-2017 have been used. Dual use was assessed based on current smokers and SLT users in both rounds. Results Findings reveal that dual use in India has dropped from 5.3% during 2009-2010 to 3.4% during 2016-2017, a decline of nearly 10 million dual users. However, some states have added nearly 4.6 million new dual users during this period. While dual use continues to remain high in rural areas, there has been a manifold increase in urban areas. Findings revealed that intention to quit tobacco was lower among dual tobacco users as compared to single users with considerable difference between urban and rural areas. Conclusion Easy availability and affordability of SLT products compared to smoking products and restrictions on smoking in public places may have pushed current smokers and dual users to take to or intensify their SLT consumption. Measures relating to awareness, pricing, taxation, and enforcement of tobacco control laws should focus on all forms of tobacco, especially targeting high dual burden in rural and urban settings. Implications Dual form of tobacco users represent 12% of all tobacco users in the country. The study reveals that intention to quit tobacco among dual users is significantly lower than that among single tobacco product users. This requires improving public awareness about the morbidity and mortality that arises from the use of all forms of tobacco products. Efforts to restrict the availability of tobacco products should focus on licensing the sale of all tobacco products. Reduction in dual tobacco use will not only result in multiplied health benefits but also help in achieving the Non-Communicable Diseases targets under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Geomorphic Processes in the Vicinity of the Venkatapur River Mouth, Central West Coast of India: Implications for Estuarine Sedimentation

Abstract: We discuss geomorphic processes in the vicinity of river mouths of the central west coast of India using the Venkatapur River as a representative. Multidate satellite image analyses, wave-refraction patterns, time-series beach section studies, and sediment characteristics were used to understand the geomorphic processes operating in the region. Multidate image analyses indicated a significant readjustment of mouth configuration as well as shoal features; spit growth northward across the Venkatapur River and other rivers of the region, e.g., the Gangavali, the Sharavati; a shift of the river mouth northward; narrowing of the river mouths; and development of submerged bars across the river mouths, etc. The beaches to the north of the Venkatapur River mouth showed erosion (retreated landward), whereas the beaches on the southern side of the river mouth accreted (grew seaward/alongshore). In general, the beaches showed accretion during postmonsoon and premonsoon intervals, and erosion during monsoon....

A Novel Approach to Detect Spam and Smishing SMS using Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract: Smishing attack is generally performed by sending a fake short message service (SMS) that contains a link of the malicious webpage or application. Smishing messages are the subclass of spam SMS and...

In situ preparation of a novel organo-inorganic 6,13-pentacenequinone–TiO2 coupled semiconductor nanosystem: a new visible light active photocatalyst for hydrogen generation

Abstract: Previous studies related to the synthesis of stable UV-visible light active photocatalysts for hydrogen generation have been limited to inorganic semiconductors and their nano- and hetero-structures We demonstrate here the use of an organo-inorganic 6,13-pentacenequinone (PQ)–TiO2 coupled semiconductor nanosystem as an efficient photocatalyst active in visible light for the production of hydrogen Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (3–5 nm) were uniformly decorated on thin sheets of monoclinic PQ by an in situ solvothermal method These as-prepared PQ–TiO2 coupled semiconductor nanosystems had a band gap in the range 27–28 eV The strong emission at 590 nm can be attributed to the transfer of electrons from the LUMO energy level of TiO2 to combine with the holes present in the HOMO level of PQ This electron–hole recombination makes availability of electrons and holes in LUMO of PQ and HOMO of TiO2, respectively This hybrid semiconductor coupled nanosystem resulted in a rate of hydrogen evolution of 36456 μmol h−1 g−1 from H2S under UV-visible light; this is four times higher than the rate obtained with TiO2 in earlier reports of UV-visible light active photocatalysts These results open up a new path to explore inorganic systems coupled with PQ as new photoactive hybrid catalysts in a number of chemical and physicochemical processes

Determination of Q β(f) in Different Parts of Kumaon Himalaya from the Inversion of Spectral Acceleration Data

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a modified two-step inversion algorithm approach to find S wave quality factor Qβ(f) given by Joshi (Bull Seis Soc Am 96:2165–2180, 2006). Seismic moment is calculated from the source displacement spectra of the S wave using both horizontal components. Average value of seismic moment computed from two horizontal components recorded at several stations is used as an input to the first part of inversion together with the spectra of S phase in the acceleration record. Several values of the corner frequency have been selected iteratively and are used as inputs to the inversion algorithm. Solution corresponding to minimum root mean square error (RMSE) is used for obtaining the final estimate of Qβ(f) relation. The estimates of seismic moment, corner frequency and Qβ(f) from the first part of inversion are further used for obtaining the residual of theoretical and observed source spectra which are treated as site amplification terms. The acceleration record corrected for the site amplification term is used for determination of seismic moment from source spectra by using Qβ(f) obtained from first part of inversion. Corrected acceleration record and new estimate of seismic moment are used as inputs to the second part of the inversion scheme which is similar to the first part except for use of input data. The final outcome from this part of inversion is a new Qβ(f) relation together with known values of seismic moment and corner frequency of each input. The process of two-step inversion is repeated for this new estimate of seismic moment and goes on until minimum RMSE is obtained which gives final estimate of Qβ(f) at each station and corner frequency of input events. The Pithoragarh district in the state of Uttarakhand in India lies in the border region of India and Nepal and is part of the seismically active Kumaon Himalaya zone. A network of eight strong motion recorders has been installed in this region since March, 2006. In this study we have analyzed data from 18 local events recorded between March, 2006 and October, 2010 at various stations. These events have been located using HYPO71 and data has been used to obtain frequency-dependent shear-wave attenuation. The Qβ(f) at each station is calculated by using both the north-south (NS) and east-west (EW) components of acceleration records as inputs to the developed inversion algorithm. The average Qβ(f) values obtained from Qβ(f) values at different stations from both NS and EW components have been used to compute a regional average relationship for the Pithoragarh region of Kumaon Himalaya of form Qβ(f) = (29 ± 1.2)f(1.1 ± 0.06).