Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Rational design of benzodithiophene based conjugated polymers for better solar cell performance

Abstract: The rational design of conjugated polymers is crucial. As photovoltaic materials they need to be optimized for high-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). We present a concise review of conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophenes (BDTs). In this account, we have discussed the conjugated polymeric designs of various architectures; consisting of electron rich donor and electron deficient acceptor moieties in the main chain, as well as in the side chains, to facilitate effective intra-molecular charge transfer. We summarize that the application of these polymeric materials drastically influences the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymeric solar cells. As of now, PCEs of over 10% are reported for these polymeric materials along with fullerene derivatives.

Precambrian sedimentary basins of India: an appraisal of their petroleum potential

Abstract: Abstract The Indian Proterozoic Super Basins were part of the Northern Rim of Gondwanaland prior to its break-up along six major radial fractures. The Proterozoic rocks of these basins are extensively exposed in the northern as well as the southern parts of the Indian Peninsula. Based on recently conducted geochemical and seismic surveys within these basins, followed by well drilling in the Son Valley, Ganga Valley, and the Bikaner–Nagaur basin, it is concluded that hydrocarbons have been generated within these basins and conditions conducive to hydrocarbon accumulation exist within them. The discovery of gas within Son Valley has indicated the existence of an active Mesoproterozoic petroleum system that is likely to have continued up to Infracambrian times. Based on the correlation of Indian Proterozoic Super Basins with their analogous Chinese and Australian basins, it appears that elements of a similar petroleum system exist within these basins, together with the possibility of an active Ordovician–Silurian petroleum system within the northernmost Ganga Valley Vindhyans, where sedimentation continued up to the lower Devonian. Modelling and empirical data show that the Chambal Valley, as well as the probably trap-concealed Vindhyans, underwent intense wrenching during Neoproterozoic times, accompanied by good entrapment conditions. Even the peninsular SW Cuddapah Superbasin also appears worth exploring as an element of the Meso–Neoproterozoic petroleum system.

Causes of death in preterm neonates (<33 weeks) born in tertiary care hospitals in India: analysis of three large prospective multicentric cohorts

Abstract: To estimate the direct causes of mortality among preterm neonates <33 weeks’ gestation by examining three large multicentric, hospital-based datasets in India. Three prospective hospital-based datasets: National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) of India, Delhi Neonatal Infection Study (DeNIS) cohort, and Goat Lung Surfactant Extract (GLSE)-Plus cohort were analyzed to study the causes of death among preterm neonates of less than 33 weeks’ gestation admitted to the participating tertiary care hospitals in India. A total of 8024 preterm neonates were admitted in the three cohorts with 2691 deaths. Prematurity-related complications and sepsis contributed to 53.5% and 19.8% of deaths in the NNPD cohort, 51.0% and 25.0% in the DeNIS cohort, and 39.7% and 40.9% in GLSE-Plus cohort, respectively. Nearly a quarter (20-40%) of preterm neonates less than 33 weeks’ gestation admitted to Indian NICUs died of sepsis. The study results have implications for health policies targeted to reduce the neonatal mortality rate in India.

Structural properties of CZTS thin films on glass and Mo coated glass substrates: a Rietveld refinement study

Abstract: Due to the difficulty in analyzing a few properties of CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) films coated on opaque substrates, the process conditions are often optimized on normal soda lime glass substrates and then transfer the process to Mo coated soda lime glass (SLG) substrates for device fabrication. This study concentrates on the analysis of structural properties of CZTS films on normal glass and Mo coated SLG substrates. CZTS films were coated on these two substrates by spin coating followed by sulphurization in N2 + H2S atmosphere. Phase purity of the films was analyzed by GIXRD and Raman spectroscopy. W–H analysis was used for estimating crystallite size and lattice strain of the films on the two substrates. Detailed structural studies were carried out with Rietveld refinement technique using GSAS package. Kesterite model with space group I4 (SG No: 82) was chosen for the refinement. Formation of kesterite phase on both substrates was confirmed from the refined lattice constant values. Deviation in bond angle with respect to kesterite structure was also analyzed. Different structural parameters were observed for the films on these substrates. The study indicates that it is important to optimize the properties of CZTS film on Mo coated SLG substrate separately, without following the same preparation conditions used for coating film on glass substrates.