Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Study on microhardness, dynamic mechanical, and tribological properties of PEEK/Al2O3 composites

Abstract: The wear and friction properties of poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) reinforced with 0–33 vol % (60 wt %) micron size Al2O3 composites were evaluated at a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s and nominal pressure from 0.5 to 1.25 MPa under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disk wear tester. The wear resistance of the pure PEEK is 10-fold higher than that of mild steel under the similar test condition. It is improved to 18-fold as compared with mild steel at 3.5 vol % Al2O3 content. The improvement in wear properties may be attributed to the thin, tenacious, and coherent transfer film formed between the steel countersurface and composite pin. However, the wear resistance of PEEK containing above 3.5 vol % Al2O3 was deteriorated, despite their higher hardness and stiffness as compared with that of composites containing lower Al2O3 content. This is attributed to the formation of thick and noncoherent transfer film, which does not prevent the wear of the composites from hard asperities of countersurface. Moreover, hard Al2O3 particles present in transfer film act as third body wear mechanism. The coefficient of friction of the composites is higher than that of pure PEEK. SEM and optical microscopy have shown that wear of pure PEEK occurs by the mechanism of adhesion mainly whereas of PEEK composites by microploughing and abrasion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Paper templated synthesis of nanostructured Cu–ZnO and its enhanced photocatalytic activity under sunlight

Abstract: Cu-doped zinc oxide (Cu–ZnO) nanostructure was prepared using Whatman filter paper as a template by combustion method. For the synthesis of porous Cu–ZnO nanostructures the stoichiometric amount of precursors were impregnated in the filter papers and processed, thermally. The formation of wurtzite phase having crystallite size in the range of 20–24 nm was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphological study by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) shows size of nanoparticles in the range of 25–50 nm. The optical study shows red shift i.e. extended absorbance in the visible region due to Cu doping. The photoluminescence study of Cu–ZnO results quenching in the photoluminescence peak as effect of Cu doping in ZnO lattice. Considering the extended band gap in the visible region of as synthesized Cu–ZnO, the photocatalytic dye degradation activity of methylene blue (MB) was executed in presence of sunlight irradiation. The effect of salt concentration and PH on dye degradation activity also studied. The highest photocatalytic activity was observed for Cu–ZnO with 4% doping as compared with other Cu–ZnO and ZnO nanostructure. The photocatalytic performance of Cu–ZnO shows complete degradation of MB dye within 30 min for 4% Cu–ZnO nanostructure. The photocatalytic activity obtained is much higher as compare to earlier reports. The synthesis of Cu doped ZnO by paper templated method and its photocatalytic activity is hitherto unattempted.

A framework for unified digital government: A case of India

Abstract: Most governments around the world started their e-Government initiatives with a focus on providing information and services to the citizen while service delivery platforms remained separate and parallel across various government agencies UN, 2008. Many researchers have noted that past evaluation studies have not used a common framework or methodology by the public sector in developing countries. To achieve this, the government needs to ensure the use of a common platform across different initiatives, as this may help integrate different functionalities Horizontal and Vertical to avoid duplicities. Hence there is an urgent need to develop a frame work for a Unified Digital Government UGD which will be a single view of the Government, Employees, Citizens and Business. The objective of this paper is to study the current scenario and need for common and core applications for e-Government and proposed a framework for a UGD. It will be an integrated solution architecture covering all functional areas and activities of the government. This is a hybrid frame work to bring all services under a single roof. The First approach is Centralized: In this approach all common unified applications such as, Document management, Knowledge management File, management, Human Resource Management G2E, Grievance management etc will be a single entity by all departments so that can eliminate to collect the same information by different departments in different ways and identify them differently. The Second approach is Decentralized: In this approach Core Departmental specific applications such as Land Registration, Building Plans, Vehicle registration, Criminal and Crime information etc, this approach is not only gave the government department's autonomy but also accelerated the enabling of services by the respective departments. This frame work was compared and analyzed through a extensive case study in E-Governance initiatives of various State Governments and Central government of India and discussed on key findings and observations followed by recommendations and conclusions. This paper explores how to improve access to government Common and Core services through better use of the ICT at any government level such as National, State and Local.

Role of therapeutic fasting in women's health: An overview

Abstract: Fasting is a therapeutic tool practiced since millennia by different cultures and medical systems heterogeneously. PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were searched using the keywords "fasting," "intermittent fasting," "calorie restriction," "women's health," "women's disorders," "fasting and aging," and "fasting and health." All the animal and human studies which address women's health and disorders were included in the review. Fasting has shown to improve the reproductive and mental health. It also prevents as well as ameliorates cancers and musculoskeletal disorders which are common in middle-aged and elderly women. The present studies available have limitations such as majority of the studies are preclinical studies and human studies are with lesser sample size. Future studies should address this gap by designing medically supervised fasting techniques to extract better evidence. Nevertheless, fasting can be prescribed as a safe medical intervention as well as a lifestyle regimen which can improve women's health in many folds.