Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Use of xylan‐rich cost effective agro‐residues in the production of xylanase by Streptomyces cyaneus SN32

Abstract: Aim: The present study aimed at optimization of cultural and nutritional parameters for enhanced production of xylanase from Streptomyces cyaneus SN32. Methods and Results: The xylanase production by S. cyaneus SN32 on most of the agro-residues tested in this study was more, as compared with the xylanase yield in the medium supplemented with commercial xylan. The presence of wheat bran as carbon source in the medium induced the highest production of xylanase followed by corn cob. Utilization of maize stalk, gram husk and black gram husk for microbial xylanase production has been reported first time in the present study. Among all the organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen tested in the study, peptone was found to be the best in stimulating xylanase production by S. cyaneus SN32. Conclusion: The production of xylanase from this thermoalkalophilic actinomycete has been enhanced 1·44-fold. To the best of our knowledge, the magnitude of enzyme yield i.e. 720 IU ml−1 by S. cyaneus SN32 has not been reported for any other actinomycete so far. Significance and Impact of Study: Present studies revealed that thermoalkalophilic S. cyaneus SN32, because of its simple nutritional requirements and its ability to exhibit considerably good enzyme yield, is a potent xylanase producer for its economical application in various industries.

Fear of COVID 19 Infection Across Different Cohorts: A Scoping Review.

Abstract: Background: Psychological stressors like panic, fear, phobia, etc., are being substantially reported during the COVID-19 outbreak. In the prior outbreaks, fear of being infected was reported as the prominent suicide stressor. Therefore, fear of infection has become a concern in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because it worsens emotion, cognition, and behavioral responses. Understanding the extent of fear of COVID-19 infection in various cohorts would aid in gauging the mental health services, which was a remedy in the present review. Methods: Adhering to Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting a scoping review, a systematic search was performed in the month of September 2020 in several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, etc. Considering the inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were included in the present review. Results: All of the included studies were conducted via online platforms, whereas all but one of the studies were cross-sectional in nature (including a mixed-method study, and a comparative study). Most of the studies were conducted among the general population (n = 12), within March and May 2020 (n = 9), from Asian countries (n = 7), and considered a self-developed item for fear of COVID-19 assessment (n = 8; whereas the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used in 6-studies). The prevalence of fear of COVID-19 was reported to be 18.1-45.2%, although no cutoff point or criteria was mentioned for such a prevalence estimation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. However, females, younger adults, urban residents, divorcees, healthcare workers, those in quarantine settings, those in suspicion of being infected, and those with mental health problems, etc., were found to be at an increased risk of COVID-19 fear. Conclusions: Being one of the first reviews in this context, the findings are anticipated to be helpful to predict the possible solutions for reducing fear of COVID-19 and facilitate further studies on strategies of how to alleviate such a stressful situation.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by biofumigant (Coumaran) from leaves of Lantana camara in stored grain and household insect pests.

Abstract: Recent studies proved that the biofumigants could be an alternative to chemical fumigants against stored grain insect pests. For this reason, it is necessary to understand the mode of action of biofumigants. In the present study the prospectus of utilising Lantana camara as a potent fumigant insecticide is being discussed. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by Coumaran, an active ingredient extracted from the plant L. camara, was studied. The biofumigant was used as an enzyme inhibitor and acetylthiocholine iodide as a substrate along with Ellman's reagent to carry out the reactions. The in vivo inhibition was observed in both dose dependent and time dependent in case of housefly, and the nervous tissue (ganglion) and the whole insect homogenate of stored grain insect exposed to Coumaran. The possible mode of action of Coumaran as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is discussed.