Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Effects of steel slag and biochar amendments on CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O flux, and rice productivity in a subtropical Chinese paddy field

Abstract: Steel slag, a by-product of the steel industry, contains high amounts of active iron oxide and silica which can act as an oxidizing agent in agricultural soils. Biochar is a rich source of carbon, and the combined application of biochar and steel slag is assumed to have positive impacts on soil properties as well as plant growth, which are yet to be validated scientifically. We conducted a field experiment for two rice paddies (early and late paddy) to determine the individual and combined effects of steel slag and biochar amendments on CO2, CH4, and N2O emission, and rice productivity in a subtropical paddy field of China. The amendments did not significantly affect rice yield. It was observed that CO2 was the main greenhouse gas emitted from all treatments of both paddies. Steel slag decreased the cumulative CO2 flux in the late paddy. Biochar as well as steel slag + biochar treatment decreased the cumulative CO2 flux in the late paddy and for the complete year (early and late paddy), while steel slag + biochar treatment also decreased the cumulative CH4 flux in the early paddy. The biochar, and steel slag + biochar amendments decreased the global warming potential (GWP). Interestingly, the cumulative annual GWP was lower for the biochar (55,422 kg CO2-eq ha−1), and steel slag + biochar (53,965 kg CO2-eq ha−1) treatments than the control (68,962 kg CO2-eq ha−1). Total GWP per unit yield was lower for the combined application of steel slag + biochar (8951 kg CO2-eq Mg−1 yield) compared to the control (12,805 kg CO2-eq Mg−1 yield). This study suggested that the combined application of steel slag and biochar could be an effective long-term strategy to reduce greenhouse gases emission from paddies without any detrimental effect on the yield.

Calcium potassium ferrocyanide, a prophylactic mixture comprising this compound and the use thereof for decorporation of radiocesium in subjects affected by nuclear radiation

Abstract: A new prophylactic mixture is prepared for the effective decorporation of *Cs, *Sr, *I from affected subjects in the event of an accidental release of the radioisotopes in the environment due to any nuclear accident. The prophylactic mixture comprising: 1) Calcium Potassium Ferrocyanide [CaK2Fe(CN)6] 2) Calcium Iodate, and 3) Calcium Carbonate, can be formulated in the form of a single tablet, capsule or suspension for easy administration to the radiation affected subjects in cases of emergency or nuclear fallout. Also claimed are the compound calcium potassium ferrocyanide (CaK2 Fe (CN)6) and the use thereof for decorporation of *Cs in subjects affected by nuclear radiation.

3D printing as an emerging tool in pharmaceutical product development

Abstract: Although not a new concept, personalized medicines have attracted a lot of interest from researchers over the last decade owing to their associated benefits such as ease of exploiting the genomics of patients hence allowing for the development of more efficient drug products with less adverse effects. Further, numerous doses can be merged into a single product as per the need of the patient’s demography. Three-dimensional (3D) printing methods are being extensively utilized in modern therapy in the genomics of the patient. Numerous dosage forms are being developed by employing 3D printing technologies such as transdermal dosage forms, pulsatile release tablets, and immediate-release tablets. Besides, 3D printing technologies might play a crucial role in the management of life-threatening illnesses. In this chapter, various applications of 3D printing technologies in personalized medicine have been discussed. Also, the various methods and materials employed in 3D printing-based drug delivery have been discussed.

Development, validity and reliability of the 'Sitting Balance Measure' (SBM) in spinal cord injury.

Abstract: Development, validity and reliability of the ‘Sitting Balance Measure’ (SBM) in spinal cord injury

Implementation of adverse event reporting for medical devices, India.

Abstract: Problem Rapid growth in the use of medical devices has drawn attention to gaps in the systematic monitoring of medical device-associated adverse events in India. Approach Implementation of national regulations on medical devices started in January 2018. Supported by a nationwide network of monitoring centres, the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission coordinates adverse event reports from manufacturers, legal representatives and patients or users. The commission follows-up and reviews reports with subject expert groups and sends recommendations on necessary action to the national regulatory authority. Local setting Before 2015, no systematic structure was in place to collate adverse events associated with medical devices. Several reports of deaths and hospitalization due to faulty hip implants, cardiac stents and poor-quality devices prompted the health ministry to launch the materiovigilance programme. Relevant changes From July 2015 to October 2019, the commission received 1931 adverse event reports, mostly from marketing authorization holders; 1277 were serious events. Reporting increased markedly after 2017. Cardiac stents were the most reported device (926 events; 47.95%). To encourage a culture of reporting, the commission has raised awareness about the programme among stakeholders, developed user-friendly reporting tools and guidelines, and conducted training for hospital personnel on medical device adverse event reporting. Lessons learnt Regular training to stakeholders develops a sense of responsibility towards reporting medical device adverse events and ensures quality data reporting. Reporters must be assured that reporting adverse events does not have any legal implications for them and given acknowledgement of their role in high-quality device associated adverse event reporting.