Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Transcriptome analysis of genes associated with breast cancer cell motility in response to Artemisinin treatment.

Abstract: Well-known anti-malarial drug artemisinin exhibits potent anti-cancerous activities. In-vivo and in-vitro studies showed its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties signifying it as a potent drug candidate for study. The studies of mechanisms of cell movement are relevant which can be understood by knowing the involvement of genes in an effect of a drug. Although cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity of artemisinin is evident, the genes participating in its anti-migratory and reduced invasive effect are not well studied. The present study reports the alteration in the expression of 84 genes involved in cell motility upon artemisinin treatment in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using pathway focused gene expression PCR array. In addition, the effect of artemisinin on epigenetic modifier HDACs is studied. We checked the functional stimulus of artemisinin on cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis in breast cancerous cell lines. Using qRT-PCR and western blot, we validated the altered expression of relevant genes associated with proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and mammary gland development. Artemisinin inhibited cell proliferation of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells with fewer efficacies in comparison to estrogen receptor positive ones. At the same time, cell viability and proliferation of normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells was un-affected. Artemisinin strongly inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Along with orphan nuclear receptors (ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ), artemisinin altered the ERα/ERβ/PR/Her expression status of MCF-7 cells. The expression of genes involved in the signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis was significantly altered which cooperatively resulted into reduced growth promoting activities of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, artemisinin exhibited inhibitory effect on histone deacetylases (HDACs). Upregulated expression of tumor suppressor genes along with reduced expression of oncogenes significantly associated with growth stimulating signaling pathways in response to artemisinin treatment suggests its efficacy as an effective drug in breast cancer treatment.

Nanostructured microspheres of silver @ zinc oxide: an excellent impeder of bacterial growth and biofilm

Abstract: Nanostructured (metal/semiconductor) Ag@ZnO a photoactive material is synthesized by facile hydrothermal method. The FESEM analysis of as synthesized Ag@ZnO nanostructures showed formation of submicron-sized microspheres, composed of small nanoparticles of size in the range of 10–20 nm. The as synthesized Ag@ZnO nanostructures possess wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO with band edge transition to visible region due to surface plasmon effect of silver which ultimately is responsible for the improved photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic action of Ag@ZnO nanostructures impede the growth of model organisms Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063 and Escherichia coli NCIM 2931, and biofilm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1. The present study is important as it introduces an excellent functionality of Ag@ZnO, an agent for impeding the biofilm and bacterial communities inside the biofilm.

Male Out-Migration: A Factor for the Spread of HIV Infection among Married Men and Women in Rural India

Abstract: Introduction: Thus far the reasons for increasing HIV prevalence in northern and eastern Indian states are unknown. We investigated the role of male out-migration in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through a case-control study in rural India. Methods: Currently married men and women were recruited from HIV testing and treatment centers across seven selected districts with high rates of male out-migration in eastern and northern India in 2010 using a case-control study design. Case subjects (men: 595 women: 609) were people who tested HIV seropositive and control subjects (men: 611 women: 600) were those tested HIV seronegative. For each gender we obtained adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and population attributable risks (PARs) for migration and behavioral factors. Results: For men the prevalence of HIV was significantly higher among those with a migration history (AOR 4·4); for women the prevalence of HIV was higher among those with migrant husbands (AOR 2·3). For both genders the returned male migration (men: AOR 3·7; women: AOR 2·8) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of HIV infection. The PAR associated with male migration was higher for men (54·5%-68·6%) than for women (32·7%-56·9%) across the study areas. Discussion: Male out-migration is the most important risk factor influencing the spread of HIV infection in rural areas with high out-migration rates thereby emphasizing the need for interventions particularly for returned migrants and spouses of those migrants.