Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

Multi-polarized Radarsat-2 satellite sensor in assessing forest vigor from above ground biomass

Abstract: Accurate estimates of forest biomass are increasingly important in relation to sequestration of carbon by forest trees. Satellite remote sensing is a useful tool for biomass estimation and monitoring of forest ecological processes. Microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can increase the accuracy of estimations of forest biomass in comparison to optical remote sensing, due to the unique capacities of SAR, including high penetrability, volumetric scattering, interaction with surface roughness, and dielectric property. We studied the potential of multi-polarized C-band Radarsat-2, a SAR technology, with HH, HV and VV polarization for estimating biomass of moist tropical Indian forest. Backscatter values are correlated with field-based biomass values and are regressed to generate models for estimating biomass. HH polarization provided maximum information regarding tree biomass. A coefficient of determination of 0.49 was calculated for HH polarized C-band image with in situ measurements. An exponential model was proved to be best suited for estimating forest biomass. Correlation of 0.62 and RMSE of 24.6 t ha−1 were calculated for the relationship between estimated and predicted biomass values for the best fit model. The average absolute accuracy of the model was 61%, while Willmott’s index of agreement was 0.87. Results suggest that most of the biomass of the area ranged within 70 t ha−1 a probably due to the saturation of C-band around 60–70 t ha−1 for tropical forests.

Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Effects of Exchange Rates: A Study of the Renminbi

Abstract: This paper estimates the effect of China’s exchange rate changes on exports of developing countries in third markets. The degree ofcompetition between China and its developing country competitors in specific products and destinations plays a key role in the identification strategy. The strategy exploits variation across exporters,importers, products and time—afforded both by disaggregated tradedata and bilateral exchange rates—to estimate this “competitor country effect.” There is robust evidence of a statistically and quantitatively significant effect. A 10 percent appreciation of China’s realexchange rate boosts a developing country’s exports at the product level on average by about 1.5–2.5 percent.

Source, mobility, and bioavailability of metals in fjord sediments of Krossfjord-Kongsfjord system, Arctic, Svalbard.

Abstract: Krossfjord-Kongsfjord system situated on the west coast of Svalbard archipelago is an ideal location to investigate the impacts of climate change on the environment. As a consequence of global warming, metal concentrations in the Arctic region are increasing due to permafrost melting and changes in biological processes. Therefore, the fjord sediments were studied for identification of provenance, mobility, bioavailability, and potential toxicity of metals in the fjord environment. Finer sediments and organic matter were found to be higher away from the glacier outlets, while coarser sediments were found to be higher near the glacier head. Illite, kaolinite, and chlorite constituted the clay mineral assemblage which had slightly influenced the metal distributions. The variations in metal abundance were attributed largely to the glacial activity along with the influence of Atlantic water mass in western Spitsbergen. Fjord system received sediment from the weathering of rocks indicating an input of terrigenous material. Comparison of metals in bulk sediment with Arctic sediment quality guidelines (ASQGs) showed that Zn and Cu were enriched in the sediment. However, to avoid the overestimation of the risk associated, fractionation of the metals was carried out which revealed higher Mn and Co in labile phases that pose a considerable risk to the biota.

VHF radar echoes in the vicinity of tropopause during the passage of tropical cyclone: First observations from the Gadanki MST radar

Abstract: First observations on the characteristics of VHF radar echoes in the vicinity of tropopause (VOT) during depression or passage of tropical cyclone made using the Gadanki MST radar are presented. The most significant and new observation is that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in zenith and off-zenith beams are nearly equal in the VOT when a cyclone is located close to the radar site. During depression, however, a slight decrease in echo strength with zenith angle was found. Observations made during such disturbed conditions are in contrast to the usual aspect-sensitive characteristics of the radar echoes. Spectral widths during disturbed atmospheric conditions in general are found to be much larger than that of normal condition. Further, spectral widths observed in the vertical beam during cyclone are considerably larger than that during normal condition. These features, however, have not been noticed at other height regions during such atmospheric conditions. All these observations clearly indicate preferential enhancement in turbulence activity in the VOT. These observations constitute the first experimental evidence of such a zenith angle dependence of VHF radar echo characteristics in the VOT during depression and cyclone. These results are presented and discussed in the light of present understanding of turbulence activity in the VOT.

A novel fractional order proportional integral derivative plus second-order derivative controller for load frequency control

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel fractional order proportional integral derivative plus second-order derivative (FOPID+DD) controller for the load frequency control (LFC) of a hybrid power system (hPS)....