Government of India

About: Government of India is a government organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Government. The organization has 2945 authors who have published 2999 publications receiving 44942 citations. The organization is also known as: Union Government & Central Government.

High frequency in vitro plantlet regeneration in Solanum trilobatum L., an important ethno-medicinal plant and confirmation of genetic fidelity of R1 plantlets by using ISSR and RAPD markers

Abstract: An efficient and reproducible protocol was developed for in vitro clonal propagation of Solanum trilobatum L., an ethno-medicinally important plant. Leaf, stem and cotyledon explants were used for callus induction and shoot regeneration via indirect organogenesis. Initially, maximum amounts (mg) of green friable callus (312.86 ± 0.50, 285.3 ± 0.40 and 305.13 ± 0.62) was induced from leaf, stem and cotyledon explants, respectively, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 13.57 μM L−1 of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.21 μM L−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), after 4 weeks of culture. Highest mean number of shoots (69.2 ± 0.73, 34.1 ± 0.62 and 57.1 ± 0.62) were differentiated de novo from leaf, stem and cotyledon calluses, respectively, when cultured on MS medium amended with 2.27 μM L−1 of Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2.68 μM L−1 of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), after 4 weeks of culture. Maximum rooting response (97%) with mean number of roots (31.7 ± 0.61 roots per shoot) was observed from shoots when cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with 4.90 μM L−1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), after 4 weeks of culture. In vitro raised plantlets (R1) of S. trilobatum were hardened in plastic pots, acclimatized in green house and successfully transferred to field conditions with 82% survivability. ISSR and RAPD based PCR banding profile of the acclimated R1 plantlets was confirmed as synonymous to the mother plant.

Assessing the Linkage of Behavioural Traits and Investment Decisions Using SEM Approach

Abstract: The goal of this research is to investigate to what extent long term and short term stock investors share different behavioural characteristics. A structural model is employed to compare the traits of the investors and examine how investment decision making and behavioural biases are related, as well compare the relative differences of behavioural biases such as Herding, Social Contagion, Representative Heuristic, Over Confidence, Risk Aversion, Disposition Effect and Cognitive Dissonance. Identification of behavioural traits commonly associated with investment tenure aids in providing opinions and framing trading strategies. The psychological impact of investment decision making among investors is studied through a sampling survey of 318 valid respondents from voluntary retail investors in India between Jan 2012 and May 2012. Based on structure equation modelling [SEM], path analysis is performed on how investment decision making and the proposed behavioural biases are related. Analytical results indicate that the structural path model closely fits to the sample data, implying the role of behavioural biases in investment decision making among individuals. Our results further demonstrate that long term and short term investors significantly differ in behavioural traits.

Nevirapine versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy regimens in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV and tuberculosis infections in India: a pilot study

Abstract: According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, which have also been adopted by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), India, Efavirenz-based Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is better in Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus (HIV)-infected patients who are also being treated with Rifampicin-based Anti-Tuberculous Therapy (ATT). However, Efavirenz is much more expensive. We hypothesize that Nevirapine is a cheaper alternative that possesses equal efficacy as Efavirenz in HIV-Tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients. A parallel open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi and National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune. Those who were ART-naive and co-infected with TB were randomized to receive either Nevirapine (Group 1)- or Efavirenz (Group 2)-based ART along with Rifampicin-based ATT. ATT was begun first in ART-naive patients according to the NACO guidelines, with a median of 27 days between ATT and ART in both groups. The primary endpoint was a composite unfavourable outcome (death and/or ART failure) at 96 weeks, and the secondary outcome was successful TB treatment at 48 weeks. A total of 284 patients (mean age 36.7 ± 8.1 years) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either Nevirapine (n = 144)- or Efavirenz (n = 140)-based ART after a median ATT-ART gap of 27 days. The median CD4 count was 105 cells/μl, with a median viral load of 820,200 copies/μl and no significant difference between the groups. Composite unfavourable outcomes were reported in 49 patients in the Nevirapine group and 51 patients in the Efavirenz group (35.3% vs. 36.9%; hazard ratio, 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63,1.43, adjusted). There was no difference in successful TB treatment outcome between the groups (71.5% vs. 65.6%, 95% CI -3.8,17.9, adjusted). The results were similar, showing no difference between the groups in the two centres of the study after adjusting for disease stage. Composite unfavourable outcome in HIV-TB co-infected patients who were ART-naive showed no statistically significant difference in the Nevirapine or Efavirenz groups.. Therefore, Nevirapine-based ART is a reasonable alternative to Efavirenz in resource-limited settings. However, multi-centric studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings. NCT01805258 (Retrospectively registered on March 6, 2013) Date of registration: March 2013.