Hydro-Québec

About: Hydro-Québec is a government organization based out in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Electric power system & Dielectric. The organization has 2596 authors who have published 4433 publications receiving 100878 citations.

Nitrous oxide emissions from tropical hydroelectric reservoirs

Abstract: We report original data on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from two tropical reservoirs, their rivers below the dam, and from natural aquatic ecosystems and rainforest soils in French Guiana and Panama. We also review published N2O fluxes from other tropical reservoirs and natural environments. We show that: (1) N2O emissions from tropical reservoirs occur mainly at the reservoir surface, fluxes downstream of dams being minor; (2) Because pre-flooding natural N2O fluxes are significant, the net N2O emissions from reservoirs are less than ∼50-70% of gross N2O emissions; (3) the contribution of N2O to the global warming potential of emissions from reservoirs could be significant for gross emissions, but less than 10% for net emissions, disregarding N2O degassing emissions.

An Overview of the IEEE Standard C37.118.2—Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems

Abstract: Synchrophasor Standards have evolved since the introduction of the first one, IEEE Standard 1344, in 1995. IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 introduced measurement accuracy under steady state conditions as well as interference rejection. In 2009, the IEEE started a joint project with IEC to harmonize real time communications in IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 with the IEC 61850 communication standard. These efforts led to the need to split the C37.118 into 2 different standards: IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011 that now includes performance of synchrophasors under dynamic systems conditions; and IEEE Standard C37.118.2-2011 Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems, the object of this paper.

In situ micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate pitting corrosion product of 1024 mild steel in phosphate and bicarbonate solutions containing chloride and sulfate ions

Abstract: The nature of the corrosion products generated by localized attack on 1024 mild steel have been investigated in the presence of chloride and/or sulfate ions in bicarbonate and phosphate aqueous solutions. A spectroelectrochemical cell was used for in situ measurements of the Raman spectra of the corrosion products generated during pitting. These products were identified as the so-called green rust compounds. The assignment of the hydroxyl groups in green rust is confirmed by isotopic substitution. The composition of the green rust generated in bicarbonate or phosphate solution containing chloride and/or sulfate ions has been determined. A correlation between the green rust composition and the electrochemical behaviour after the initiation of pitting has been noted and discussed.