Institution
King's College London
Education•London, United Kingdom•
About: King's College London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Mental health. The organization has 43107 authors who have published 113125 publications receiving 4498103 citations. The organization is also known as: King's & KCL.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: Increased BOLD signal was observed in left hemispheric dorsolateral prefrontal, medial, and parietal cortices during the go/no-go task, presumably reflecting a left frontoparietal specialization for response selection.
1,005 citations
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TL;DR: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutively active, proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that plays a part in a number of physiological processes ranging from glycogen metabolism to gene transcription as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutively active, proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that plays a part in a number of physiological processes ranging from glycogen metabolism to gene transcription. GSK3 also plays a pivotal and central role in the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an observation that has led us to coin the ‘GSK3 hypothesis of AD’. According to this hypothesis, over-activity of GSK3 accounts for memory impairment, tau hyper-phosphorylation, increased β-amyloid production and local plaque-associated microglial-mediated inflammatory responses; all of which are hallmark characteristics of AD. If our ‘GSK3 hypothesis of AD’ is substantiated and GSK3 is indeed a causal mediator of AD then inhibitors of GSK3 would provide a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention in this devastating disorder.
1,004 citations
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TL;DR: Although improvements were observed in every one of the cognitive tasks that were trained, no evidence was found for transfer effects to untrained tasks, even when those tasks were cognitively closely related.
Abstract: ‘Brain training’, or the quest for improved cognitive function through the regular use of computerised tests, is a multimillion pound industry1, yet scientific evidence to support its efficacy is lacking. Modest effects have been reported in some studies of older individuals2,3 and preschool children4, and video gamers out perform non-gamers on some tests of visual attention5. However, the widely held belief that commercially available computerised brain trainers improve general cognitive function in the wider population lacks empirical support. The central question is not whether performance on cognitive tests can be improved by training, but rather, whether those benefits transfer to other untrained tasks or lead to any general improvement in the level of cognitive functioning. Here we report the results of a six-week online study in which 11,430 participants trained several times each week on cognitive tasks designed to improve reasoning, memory, planning, visuospatial skills and attention. Although improvements were observed in every one of the cognitive tasks that were trained, no evidence was found for transfer effects to untrained tasks, even when those tasks were cognitively closely related.
1,000 citations
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TL;DR: A complementary DNA, Dcytb (for duodenal cytochrome b), was isolated, which encoded a putative plasma membrane di-heme protein in mouse duodensal mucosa, and provides an important element in the iron absorption pathway.
Abstract: The ability of intestinal mucosa to absorb dietary ferric iron is attributed to the presence of a brush-border membrane reductase activity that displays adaptive responses to iron status. We have isolated a complementary DNA, Dcytb (for duodenal cytochrome b), which encoded a putative plasma membrane di-heme protein in mouse duodenal mucosa. Dcytb shared between 45 and 50% similarity to the cytochrome b561 family of plasma membrane reductases, was highly expressed in the brush-border membrane of duodenal enterocytes, and induced ferric reductase activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes and cultured cells. Duodenal expression levels of Dcytb messenger RNA and protein were regulated by changes in physiological modulators of iron absorption. Thus, Dcytb provides an important element in the iron absorption pathway.
999 citations
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German Cancer Research Center1, Université de Sherbrooke2, University Health Network3, University of Pittsburgh4, IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca5, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital6, University of Toronto7, Zhejiang University of Technology8, Harvard University9, Utrecht University10, Université de Montréal11, National Research Council12, University of Washington13, University of Western Ontario14, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne15, ETSI16, Siemens17, University of Southern California18, King's College London19, University of Bordeaux20, Centre national de la recherche scientifique21, Copenhagen University Hospital22, University of Hamburg23, University of Basel24
TL;DR: The encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent) is reported, however, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups.
Abstract: Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations.
996 citations
Authors
Showing all 43962 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Mark I. McCarthy | 200 | 1028 | 187898 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Kenneth S. Kendler | 177 | 1327 | 142251 |
John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Barry Halliwell | 173 | 662 | 159518 |
Feng Zhang | 172 | 1278 | 181865 |
Simon Baron-Cohen | 172 | 773 | 118071 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |