Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

About: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology is a education organization based out in Nanjing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Precipitation & Aerosol. The organization has 14129 authors who have published 17985 publications receiving 267578 citations. The organization is also known as: Nan Xin Da.

Morphology, composition, and mixing state of primary particles from combustion sources — crop residue, wood, and solid waste

Abstract: Morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual particles emitted from crop residue, wood, and solid waste combustion in a residential stove were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our study showed that particles from crop residue and apple wood combustion were mainly organic matter (OM) in smoldering phase, whereas soot-OM internally mixed with K in flaming phase. Wild grass combustion in flaming phase released some Cl-rich-OM/soot particles and cardboard combustion released OM and S-rich particles. Interestingly, particles from hardwood (pear wood and bamboo) and softwood (cypress and pine wood) combustion were mainly soot and OM in the flaming phase, respectively. The combustion of foam boxes, rubber tires, and plastic bottles/bags in the flaming phase released large amounts of soot internally mixed with a small amount of OM, whereas the combustion of printed circuit boards and copper-core cables emitted large amounts of OM with Br-rich inclusions. In addition, the printed circuit board combustion released toxic metals containing Pb, Zn, Sn, and Sb. The results are important to document properties of primary particles from combustion sources, which can be used to trace the sources of ambient particles and to know their potential impacts in human health and radiative forcing in the air.

An improved smart card based authentication scheme for session initiation protocol

Abstract: Sessioninitiation protocol (SIP) reformed the controlling routine of voice over Internet Protocol based communication over public channels. SIP is inherently insecure because of underlying open text architecture. A number of solutions are proposed to boost SIP security. Very recently Farash (Peer to Peer Netw. Appl. 1–10, 2014) proposed an enhanced protocol to improve the security of Tu et al.’s protocol (Peer to Peer Netw. Appl. 1–8, 2014). Further, Farash claimed his protocol to be secure against all known attacks. However, in this paper we show that Farash’s protocol is insecure against impersonation attack, password guessing attack, lacks user anonymity and is vulnerable to session-specific temporary information attack. Further, we have proposed an upgraded protocol to enhance the security. The security and performance analysis shows that the proposed protocol reduced one point multiplication as compared with Farash’s protocol, while resisting all known attacks. We have proved the security of proposed protocol using automated tool ProVerif.

Particle acidity and sulfate production during severe haze events in China cannot be reliably inferred by assuming a mixture of inorganic salts

Abstract: . Atmospheric measurements showed rapid sulfate formation during severe haze episodes in China, with fine particulate matter (PM) consisting of a multi-component mixture that is dominated by organic species. Several recent studies using the thermodynamic model estimated the particle acidity and sulfate production rate, by treating the PM exclusively as a mixture of inorganic salts dominated by ammonium sulfate and neglecting the effects of organic compounds. Noticeably, the estimated pH and sulfate formation rate during pollution periods in China were highly conflicting among the previous studies. Here we show that a particle mixture of inorganic salts adopted by the previous studies does not represent a suitable model system and that the acidity and sulfate formation cannot be reliably inferred without accounting for the effects of multi-aerosol compositions during severe haze events in China. Our laboratory experiments show that SO2 oxidation by NO2 with NH3 neutralization on fine aerosols is dependent on the particle hygroscopicity, phase-state, and acidity. Ammonium sulfate and oxalic acid seed particles exposed to vapors of SO2 , NO2 , and NH3 at high relative humidity (RH) exhibit distinct size growth and sulfate formation. Aqueous ammonium sulfate particles exhibit little sulfate production, in contrast to aqueous oxalic acid particles with significant sulfate production. Our field measurements demonstrate significant contribution of water-soluble organic matter to fine PM in China and indicate that the use of oxalic acid in laboratory experiments is representative of ambient organic dominant aerosols. While the particle acidity cannot be accurately determined from field measurements or calculated using the thermodynamic model, our results reveal that the pH value of ambient organics-dominated aerosols is sufficiently high to promote efficient SO2 oxidation by NO2 with NH3 neutralization under polluted conditions in China.

Detrended cross-correlation analysis approach for assessing asymmetric multifractal detrended cross-correlations and their application to the Chinese financial market

Abstract: We propose a new method called the multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis method (MF-ADCCA) to investigate the asymmetric cross-correlations in nonstationary time series that combine the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) and asymmetric detrended fluctuation analysis (A-DFA). The study aims to determine whether different scaling properties of the cross-correlations are obtained if a one-time series trending is either positive or negative. We apply MF-ADCCA to analyze empirically the scaling behavior of the cross-correlations among the Chinese stock market, the RMB exchange market, and the US stock market. Empirical results indicate that the cross-correlations between the Chinese stock market and the RMB/USD exchange market are more persistent when any one of the markets is falling. On the contrary, the cross-correlations between the Chinese stock market and the RMB/EU, RMB/GBP, RMB/JPY exchange markets and the US stock market are more persistent when one of the markets is rising. Moreover, asymmetric cross-correlations between any two of the selected financial markets are multifractal.