Novozymes

About: Novozymes is a company organization based out in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Nucleic acid & Polynucleotide. The organization has 2506 authors who have published 2828 publications receiving 89266 citations. The organization is also known as: Novo Enzymes A/S & Novozymes A/S.

Useful mutations of bacterial alkaline protease

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutations of a subtilisin gene which result in changes in the chemical characteristics of subtilisin enzymes. Mutations at specific nucleic acids of the subtilisin gene result in amino acid substitutions and consequently, altered enzyme function. Some of these mutant enzymes exhibit physical properties advantageous to industrial applications, particularly in the detergent industry, providing subtilisin which is more stable to oxidation, possesses greater protease activity, and exhibits improved washability.

Brief guide to the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry

Abstract: INTRODUCCION La adopcion universal de una nomenclatura quimica consensuada es una herramienta clave para la comunicacion eficiente en las ciencias quimicas, para la busqueda con ordenadores en bases de datos y con fines regulatorios, tales como los asociados a la salud y la seguridad o a la actividad comercial. La Union Internacional de Quimica Pura y Aplicada (IUPAC en sus siglas inglesas) ofrece recomendaciones sobre la naturaleza y el uso de la nomenclatura quimica. Los fundamentos de esta nomenclatura se muestran aqui y en los documentos complementarios sobre los sistemas de nomenclatura de quimica organica y polimeros, con hipervinculos a los documentos originales. Un resumen general de la nomenclatura quimica se puede encontrar en Principles of Chemical Nomenclature. Detalles mayores se pueden hallar en Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry coloquialmente conocido como el Libro Rojo, y en las publicaciones relacionadas con compuestos organicos (el Libro Azul) y polimeros (el Libro Purpura). Cabe senalar que muchos compuestos pueden tener nombres no-sistematicos o semi-sistematicos (algunos de los cuales no son aceptados por la IUPAC, por ejemplo, porque son ambiguos) y las reglas IUPAC permiten dar mas de un nombre sistematico a un compuesto en muchos casos. La IUPAC esta elaborando la identificacion de los nombres individuales preferidos a efectos de regulacion (Preferred IUPAC Names o PINs). Nota: En este documento, el simbolo ‘=’ se utiliza para dividir los nombres que resultan ser demasiado largos para el formato de la columna, a menos que ya haya un guion presente en el nombre. Los limites entre compuestos ‘organicos’ e ‘inorganicos’ son difusos. Los tipos de nomenclatura descritos en este documento son aplicables a los compuestos, moleculas e iones que no contienen carbono y tambien a muchas estructuras que contienen carbono (Seccion 2), principalmente los que contienen elementos de los grupos 1−12. La mayoria de los compuestos de boro se tratan mediante una nomenclatura especial. 8

Hyaluronic Acid Molecular Weight-Dependent Modulation of Mucin Nanostructure for Potential Mucosal Therapeutic Applications

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of different molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HAs) on the mucosal nanostructure using a pig stomach mucin hydrogel as a mucosal barrier model. Microparticles (1.0 μm) and nanoparticles (200 nm) were used as probes, and their movement in mucin was studied by a three-dimensional confocal microscopy-based particle tracking technique and by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) after addition of high-molecular weight (900 kDa) and low-molecular weight (33 kDa) HA. This demonstrated a molecular weight-dependent HA modulation of the mucin nanostructure with a 2.5-fold decrease in the mobility of 200 nm nanoparticles. To further investigate these mechanisms and to verify that the natural viscoelastic properties of mucus are not undesirably altered, rheological measurements were performed on mucin hydrogels with or without HA. This suggested the observed particle mobility restriction was not attributed to alterations of the natural mucin cohesive and viscoelastic properties bu...

Type-dependent action modes of TtAA9E and TaAA9A acting on cellulose and differently pretreated lignocellulosic substrates.

Abstract: Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is a group of recently identified proteins that catalyze oxidative cleavage of the glycosidic linkages of cellulose and other polysaccharides. By utilizing the oxidative mode of action, LPMOs are able to enhance the efficiency of cellulase in the hydrolysis of cellulose. Particularly, auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9) is a group of fungal LPMOs that show a type-dependent regioselectivity on cellulose in which Types 1, 2, and 3 hydroxylate at C1, C4, and C1 and C4 positions, respectively. In this study, we investigated comparative characteristics of TtAA9E from Thielavia terrestris belonging to Type 1 and TaAA9A from Thermoascus aurantiacus belonging to Type 3 on cellulose and pretreated lignocellulose. From product analysis, TtAA9E dominantly generated oligosaccharides with an aldonic acid form, which is an evidence of C1 oxidation, while TaAA9A generated oligosaccharides with both aldonic acid and 4-ketoaldose forms, which is evidence of C1 and C4 oxidations, respectively. For hydrolysis of cellulose (Avicel) by cellulase, higher synergism was observed for TtAA9E than for TaAA9A. For hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose using rice straw, synergistic behaviors of TtAA9E and TaAA9A were different depending on the pretreatment of rice straw. Specifically, on acid-pretreated rice straw, TtAA9E showed a higher synergism than TaAA9A while on alkali-pretreated rice straw, TaAA9A showed a higher synergism than TtAA9E. We show type-dependent action modes of TtAA9E and TaAA9A for cellulose oxidation together with substrate-dependent synergistic hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates. The results obtained from this study indicate the different behaviors of AA9s on cellulose and pretreated lignocellulose, suggesting a selection of AA9 proteins specific to substrates is required for industrial utilization.