School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

About: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences is a facility organization based out in Villejuif, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Politics & Context (language use). The organization has 1230 authors who have published 2084 publications receiving 57740 citations. The organization is also known as: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales & EHESS.

Is the Object Concept Formal

Abstract: This review article explores several senses in which it can be held that the (actual, psychological) concept of an object is a formal concept, as opposed, here, to being a sortal concept. Some recent positions both from the philosophical and the psychological literature are analyzed: Object-sortalism (Xu), quasi-sortalist reductive strategies (Bloom), qualified sortalism (Wiggins), demonstrative theories (Fodor), and anti-sortalism (Ayers).

Social identity-based motivation modulates attention bias toward negative information: an event-related brain potential study

Abstract: Research has demonstrated that people readily pay more attention to negative than to positive and/or neutral stimuli. However, evidence from recent studies indicated that such an attention bias to negative information is not obligatory but sensitive to various factors. Two experiments using intergroup evaluative tasks (Study 1: a gender-related groups evaluative task and Study 2: a minimal-related groups evaluative task) was conducted to determine whether motivation to strive for a positive social identity - a part of one's self-concept - drives attention toward affective stimuli. Using the P1 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as a neural index of attention, we confirmed that attention bias toward negative stimuli is not mandatory but it can depend on a motivational focus on affective outcomes. Results showed that social identity-based motivation is likely to bias attention toward affectively incongruent information. Thereby, early onset processes - reflected by the P1 component - appeared susceptible to top-down attentional influences induced by the individual's motivation to strive for a positive social identity.

Aspects of textual continuity linguistic approaches

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides groundwork, which helps to situate new studies and sets the stage for a general discussion regarding the potential interest of an intersection of approaches in linguistics and psycholinguistics. Interest in linguistics focused on identifying the roles and nature of different markers of text continuity or connectedness used for text composition and construction in different languages. A discussion regarding the current issues in the growing body of literature devoted to markers of text cohesion and connexity. The generally accepted framework allowed researchers to concentrate on specific aspects of text, as the role of topicalization or the lexicon in a text grammar, and the construction of macrostructures.

A Gauge Field Model of Modal Completion

Abstract: Perceptual completion of figures is a basic process revealing the deep architecture of low level vision. In this paper, a complete gauge field Lagrangian is proposed which couples the retinex equation with neurogeometrical models and solves the problem of modal completion, i.e. the pop up of the Kanizsa triangle. Euler---Lagrange equations are derived by variational calculus and numerically solved. Plausible neurophysiological implementations of the particle and field equations are discussed and a model of the interaction between LGN and visual cortex is proposed.

Connecteurs de conséquence et portée sémantique

Abstract: Le travail que nous conduisons sur les connecteurs vise a expliciter les conditions qui permettent ou defavorisent l'usage d'un connecteur pour une interpretation donnee. Les emplois des connecteurs peuvent etre determines soit a partir d' un noyau semantique dont on essaie de les deriver (cf. Ducrot et al. 1980, Roulet et al. 1985, Rossari 1994, Hybertie 1996, Morel 1996), soit a partir d' un systeme de contraintes mutuellement independantes. A la difference de la precedente methode, celle-ci permet la combinaison de parametres de type different, portant par exemple sur la position syntaxique (cf. Jayez & Rossari 1997a), la nature semantique des termes relies, leur statut vericonditionnel, l' ordre temporel ou encore la force de connexion (cf.Rossari & Jayez 1996, Jayez & Rossari 1997b). Une telle combinaison autorise beaucoup plus de flexibilite dans la description et permet l' integration de dimensions souvent separees dans les autres approches (proprietes syntaxiques, semantiques et pragmatiques). De plus, elle semble davantage en accord avec la majorite des theories actuelles sur l'interpretation, qui mettent l'accent sur la collaboration (ou les conflits) de sources differenciees (sous-specification, modularite, enrichissement de la forme logique). Dans cet article, nous allons reprendre et developper un parametre fondamental pour la determination des contraintes qui caracterisent les connecteurs inferentiels2, celui de leur portee semantique.