School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

About: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences is a facility organization based out in Villejuif, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Politics & Context (language use). The organization has 1230 authors who have published 2084 publications receiving 57740 citations. The organization is also known as: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales & EHESS.

Acteurs, cibles et leviers: analyse factorielle des relations de controle indirect dans une firme americaine d'avocats d'affaires

Abstract: Cet article presente une analyse de donnees de reseau d'un type encore peu utilise en sociologie (Krackhardt, 1986). Ces donnees ont ete recoltees aupres de 36 partenaires d'une firme americaine d'avocats d'affaires. Elles permettent de decrire des strategies d'acteurs utilisees a des fins de controle indirect. Une strategie est definie comme le choix par un acteur (la personne qui delegue le travail de controle) d'un levier (la personne a qui l'on delegue ce travail) pour s'occuper d'une cible (la personne a controler). L'analyse en composantes principales permet de representer dans un meme espace vectoriel les acteurs, les cibles et les leviers. Elle repere l'existence d'une division du travail et de roles differents de controle informel dans la firme. La base de cette analyse est, d'une part, la matrice des donnees brutes concernant l'usage des leviers pour chaque combinaison d'acteur-cible et, d'autre part, la matrice totalisant le nombre des recours a chaque levier pour un groupe d'acteurs et de cibles. A partir de cette analyse, on distingue inductivement entre strategies selon qu'elles supposent l'usage de leviers plutot universels et generalistes, ou celui de leviers plutot specialises et locaux

The effect of three basic task features on the sensitivity of acceptability judgment tasks

Abstract: Sprouse and Almeida (2017) provide a first systematic investigation of the sensitivity of four acceptability judgment tasks. In this project, we build on these results by decomposing those tasks into three constituent task features (single versus joint presentation, number of response options, and use of response labels), and explore the consequences of those task features on the sensitivity of acceptability judgment experiments. We present 6 additional experiments (for a total of 10) designed to probe the effect of those task features on sensitivity, both independently and in combination. Our results suggest three notable conclusions: (i) there is a clear advantage to joint presentation of theoretically-related sentence types, regardless of the type of response scale used in the experiment; (ii) tasks involving a continuous slider (which have an infinite number of response options, and few labels) offer good sensitivity, while relying solely on spatial reasoning rather than numeric reasoning; and (iii) there are a number of subtle interactions among the three task features that may warrant further investigation. We discuss the potential benefits and concerns of each of these features in detail, along with the relevance of these findings for deciding how to investigate both simple and higher-order acceptability contrasts.

Comparing inequality aversion across countries when labor supply responses differ

Abstract: We analyze to which extent social inequality aversion differs across nations when controlling for actual country differences in labor supply responses. Towards this aim, we estimate labor supply elasticities at both extensive and intensive margins for 17 EU countries and the US. Using the same data, inequality aversion is measured as the degree of redistribution implicit in current tax-benefit systems, when these systems are deemed optimal.We find relatively small differences in labor supply elasticities across countries. However, this changes the cross-country ranking in inequality aversion compared to scenarios following the standard approach of using uniform elasticities. Differences in redistributive views are significant between three groups of nations. Labor supply responses are systematically larger at the extensive margin and often larger for the lowest earnings groups, exacerbating the implicit Rawlsian views for countries with traditional social assistance programs. Given the possibility that labor supply responsiveness was underestimated at the time these programs were implemented, we show that such wrong perceptions would lead to less pronounced and much more similar levels of inequality aversion.