Shandong Normal University

About: Shandong Normal University is a education organization based out in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Catalysis. The organization has 12378 authors who have published 12576 publications receiving 174572 citations.

Gender differences in the reciprocal relationships between parental physical aggression and children's externalizing problem behavior in China.

Abstract: The study examines gender differences in the reciprocal relations between parental physical aggression and child externalizing problem behavior in China. Four hundred fifty-four Chinese elementary school-age children reported on three forms of their parents' physical aggression toward them (i.e., mild corporal punishment, severe corporal punishment, and physical abuse) and their externalizing problem behavior at two time points, 6 months apart. Structural equation modeling revealed that the three types of parental physical aggression predicted child externalizing problem behavior for girls but not boys, whereas child externalizing problem behavior predicted severe corporal punishment and physical abuse for boys but not girls; child externalizing problem behavior did not predict mild corporal punishment for either gender. The findings suggest that the intervention for and prevention of child externalizing problem behavior may be somewhat different for boys and girls in China. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en

Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Based on A Nano-Sized Bent Bis(3-acetylenylphenyl-(4-cyanophenyl))oxadiazole Ligand: The Role of Ligand Isomerism and the Templating Effect of Polyatomic Anions and Solvent Intermediates

Abstract: One nanosized oxadiazole bridging ligand, bis(3-acetylenylphenyl-(4-cyanophenyl))oxadiazole (L11), was designed and synthesized by the reaction of bis(3-iodophenyl)oxadiazole with 4-cyanophenylacetylene via a Sonogashira−Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. Eight Ag(I)−L11 coordination polymers with one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures have been successfully prepared by the reaction of L11 with various Ag(I) salts in solution. New coordination polymers were fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All new complexes contain silver heteroatom cluster-connecting nodes, and the L11 ligand is “doubling up” in the frameworks. In this Ag(I)−L11 system, the conformation of L11 is versatile because of the conformational rotation around the central oxadiazole moiety and depends greatly on the counterion and solvent system used in the formation of the complexes. In addition, the luminescence property and host−guest chemistry of some complexes were in...

Bright betatron X-ray radiation from a laser-driven-clustering gas target

Abstract: Hard X-ray sources from femtosecond (fs) laser-produced plasmas, including the betatron X-rays from laser wakefield-accelerated electrons, have compact sizes, fs pulse duration and fs pump-probe capability, making it promising for wide use in material and biological sciences. Currently the main problem with such betatron X-ray sources is the limited average flux even with ultra-intense laser pulses. Here, we report ultra-bright betatron X-rays can be generated using a clustering gas jet target irradiated with a small size laser, where a ten-fold enhancement of the X-ray yield is achieved compared to the results obtained using a gas target. We suggest the increased X-ray photon is due to the existence of clusters in the gas, which results in increased total electron charge trapped for acceleration and larger wiggling amplitudes during the acceleration. This observation opens a route to produce high betatron average flux using small but high repetition rate laser facilities for applications.

Dual-wavelength Q-switched Er:SrF 2 laser with a black phosphorus absorber in the mid-infrared region.

Abstract: An efficient Er:SrF2 crystal, lightly Er-doped to a concentration of 4at.%, was successfully grown by the traditional Bridgman method and displayed excellent spectral properties. A diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched dual-wavelength laser, operating at 2.79 μm wavelength, was demonstrated with this crystal by using black phosphorus as the saturable absorber (BP-SA). In the compact passively Q-switched Er:SrF2 laser, the maximum average output power of 180 mW was achieved at an absorbed pump power of 2.47 W, with a pulse duration of 702 ns and a repetition rate of 77.03 kHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported application of BP-SA to dual-wavelength pulse laser operation in the mid-infrared region.

Huddling remodels gut microbiota to reduce energy requirements in a small mammal species during cold exposure.

Abstract: Huddling is highly evolved as a cooperative behavioral strategy for social mammals to maximize their fitness in harsh environments. Huddling behavior can change psychological and physiological responses. The coevolution of mammals with their microbial communities confers fitness benefits to both partners. The gut microbiome is a key regulator of host immune and metabolic functions. We hypothesized that huddling behavior altered energetics and thermoregulation by shaping caecal microbiota in small herbivores. Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) were maintained in a group (huddling) or as individuals (separated) and were exposed to warm (23 ± 1 °C) and cold (4 ± 1 °C) air temperatures (Ta). Voles exposed to cold Ta had higher energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) than voles exposed to warm Ta. Huddling voles had lower RMR and NST than separated voles in cold. In addition, huddling voles had a higher surface body temperature (Tsurface), but lower core body temperature (Tcore) than separated voles, suggesting a lower set-point of Tcore in huddling voles. Both cold and huddling induced a marked variation in caecal bacterial composition, which was associated with the lower Tcore. Huddling voles had a higher α and β-diversity, abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Veillonellaceae, but lower abundance of Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, TM7, Comamonadaceae, and Sinobacteraceae than separated voles. Huddling or cold resulted in higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetic acid and butyric acid when compared to their counterparts. Transplantation of caecal microbiota from cold-separated voles but not from cold-huddling voles induced significant increases in energy intake and RMR compared to that from warm-separated voles. These findings demonstrate that the remodeling of gut microbiota, which is associated with a reduction in host Tcore, mediates cold- and huddling-induced energy intake and thermoregulation and therefore orchestrates host metabolic and thermal homeostasis. It highlights the coevolutionary mechanism of host huddling and gut microbiota in thermoregulation and energy saving for winter survival in endotherms.