Shandong Normal University

About: Shandong Normal University is a education organization based out in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Catalysis. The organization has 12378 authors who have published 12576 publications receiving 174572 citations.

Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid over Holey 2 D Mn2O3 Nanoflakes from a Mn‐based MOF

Abstract: The aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a promising renewable monomer to produce bio-based polymers such as polyethylene furanoate (PEF), has recently emerged as the subject of increasing interest. Here, holey 2 D Mn2 O3 nanoflakes were obtained by a facile thermal treatment of a Mn-based metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor. The structural and morphological properties of the nanoflakes were characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM to explore the formation process. It was inferred that the linker loss in the MOF precursor and the oxidation of the Mn cation induced by the heat-treatment in air were responsible for the formation of holey 2 D Mn2 O3 nanoflakes. The specific morphology and redox cycle of the Mn cation on the surface endowed the synthesized nanoflakes with promising performance on the selective oxidation. The obtained nanoflakes calcined at 400 °C (M400) afforded over 99.5 % yield of FDCA at complete conversion of HMF, which is superior to the catalytic activity of commercial Mn2 O3 and activated MnO2 . To our knowledge, Mn2 O3 exhibiting such a high performance on the aerobic oxidation of HMF to FDCA has not yet been reported. Based on the investigation of the experimental parameters, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.

Clonality in wild rice (Oryza rufipogon, Poaceae) and its implications for conservation management.

Abstract: Correlations were examined between habitat characters and clonal structures determined by the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) assay in five populations of Oryza rufipogonin China. Nine of 175 decameric primers were used in the study because they reproducibly amplified polymorphisms. The extent of clonality together with the clonal and sexual reproductive strategies varied greatly among the five populations and correlated with the habitats where they occur. The populations under serious disturbance or seasonal drought tended to have small clones with relatively high clonal diversity caused by sexual reproduction, whereas the populations with little disturbance and sufficient supply of water were prone to have large clones with relatively low clonal variation and low sexual reproduction. Therefore, the dynamics of sexual vs. clonal reproduction of this species depended mainly on environmental factors, such as external disturbance and water supply, rather than latitudes indicated by previous study. These results have important implications for in situ conservation of O. rufipogon.Adequate external disturbance and water supply control are essential for maintaining high clone diversity of in situ conserved populations. According to the extent of clonality of the populations examined, we recommend that an interval of .12 m should be required for collecting samples for ex situ conservation and for population genetic studies to capture possible genetic diversity for O. rufipogonin China.