University of Basel

About: University of Basel is a education organization based out in Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 25084 authors who have published 52975 publications receiving 2388002 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität Basel & Basel University.

A Littlewood-Richardson rule for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras.

Abstract: In the representation theory of the group GLn(C), an important tool are the Young tableaux. The irreducible representations are in one-to-one correspondence with the shapes of these tableaux. Let T be the subgroup of diagonal matrices in GLn(C). Then there is a canonical way to assign a weight of T to any Young tableau such that the sum over the weights of all tableaux of a fixed shape is the character CharV of the corresponding GLn(C)-module V . Note that this gives not only a way to compute the character, it gives also a possibility to describe the multiplicity of a weight in the representation: It is the number of different tableaux of the same weight. Eventually, the Littlewood-Richardson rule describes the decomposition of tensor products of GLn(C)modules purely in terms of the combinatoric of these Young tableaux.

Permafrost creep and rock glacier dynamics

Abstract: This review paper examines thermal conditions (active layer and permafrost), internal composition (rock and ice components), kinematics and rheology of creeping perennially frozen slopes in cold mountain areas. The aim is to assemble current information about creep in permafrost and rock glaciers from diverse published sources into a single paper that will be useful in studies of the flow and deformation of subsurface ice and their surface manifestations not only on Earth, but also on Mars. Emphasis is placed on quantitative information from drilling, borehole measurements, geophysical soundings, photogrammetry, laboratory experiments, etc. It is evident that quantitative holistic treatment of permafrost creep and rock glaciers requires consideration of: (a) rock weathering, snow avalanches and rockfall, with grain-size sorting on scree slopes; (b) freezing processes and ice formation in scree at sub-zero temperatures containing abundant fine material as well as coarse-grained blocks; (c) coupled thermohydro-mechanical aspects of creep and failure processes in frozen rock debris; (d) kinematics of non-isotropic, heterogeneous and layered, ice-rich permafrost on slopes with long transport paths for coarse surface material from the headwall to the front and, in some cases, subsequent re-incorporation into an advancing rock glacier causing corresponding age inversion at

Loss of the tight junction protein claudin-7 correlates with histological grade in both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

Abstract: Claudins are transmembrane proteins that seal tight junctions, and are critical for maintaining cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial cell sheets However, their role in cancer progression remains largely unexplored Here, we report that Claudin-7 (CLDN-7) expression is lower in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast than in normal breast epithelium, as determined by both RT-PCR (9/10) and Western analysis (6/8) Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and IDC showed that the loss of CLDN-7 expression correlated with histological grade in both DCIS (P<0001, n=38) and IDC (P=0014, n=31), occurring predominantly in high-grade (Nuclear and Elston grade 3) lesions Tissue array analysis of 355 IDC cases further confirmed the inverse correlation between CLDN-7 expression and histological grade (P=003) This pattern of expression is consistent with the biological function of CLDN-7, as greater discohesion is typically observed in high-grade lesions In line with this observation, by IHC analysis, CLDN-7 expression was lost in the vast majority (13/17) of cases of lobular carcinoma in situ, which is defined by cellular discohesion In fact, inducing disassociation of MCF-7 and T47D cells in culture by treating with HGF/scatter factor resulted in a loss of CLDN-7 expression within 24 h Silencing of CLDN-7 expression correlated with promoter hypermethylation as determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and nucleotide sequencing in breast cancer cell lines (3/3), but not in IDCs (0/5) In summary, these studies provide insight into the potential role of CLDN-7 in the progression and ability of breast cancer cells to disseminate