University of Bologna

About: University of Bologna is a education organization based out in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 38387 authors who have published 115176 publications receiving 3460869 citations. The organization is also known as: Università di Bologna & UNIBO.

Observation of top quark production in p̄p collisions with the collider detector at fermilab

Abstract: We establish the existence of the top quark using a $67{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample of $\overline{p}p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.8\mathrm{TeV}$ collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Employing techniques similar to those we previously published, we observe a signal consistent with $t\overline{t}$ decay to $\mathrm{WWb}\overline{b}$, but inconsistent with the background prediction by $4.8\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Additional evidence for the top quark is provided by a peak in the reconstructed mass distribution. We measure the top quark mass to be $176\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10(\mathrm{syst})\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$, and the $t\overline{t}$ production cross section to be ${6.8}_{\ensuremath{-}2.4}^{+3.6}\mathrm{pb}$.

EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Ultrasound Elastography. Part 1: Basic Principles and Technology

Abstract: The technical part of these Guidelines and Recommendations, produced under the auspices of EFSUMB, provides an introduction to the physical principles and technology on which all forms of current commercially available ultrasound elastography are based. A difference in shear modulus is the common underlying physical mechanism that provides tissue contrast in all elastograms. The relationship between the alternative technologies is considered in terms of the method used to take advantage of this. The practical advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the techniques are described, and guidance is provided on optimisation of scanning technique, image display, image interpretation and some of the known image artefacts.

Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers

Abstract: Human gut microbiota directly influences health and provides an extra means of adaptive potential to different lifestyles. To explore variation in gut microbiota and to understand how these bacteria may have co-evolved with humans, here we investigate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolite production of the gut microbiota from a community of human hunter-gatherers, the Hadza of Tanzania. We show that the Hadza have higher levels of microbial richness and biodiversity than Italian urban controls. Further comparisons with two rural farming African groups illustrate other features unique to Hadza that can be linked to a foraging lifestyle. These include absence of Bifidobacterium and differences in microbial composition between the sexes that probably reflect sexual division of labour. Furthermore, enrichment in Prevotella, Treponema and unclassified Bacteroidetes, as well as a peculiar arrangement of Clostridiales taxa, may enhance the Hadza’s ability to digest and extract valuable nutrition from fibrous plant foods.