Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers
Stephanie L. Schnorr,Marco Candela,Simone Rampelli,Manuela Centanni,Clarissa Consolandi,Giulia Basaglia,Silvia Turroni,Elena Biagi,Clelia Peano,Marco Severgnini,Jessica Fiori,Roberto Gotti,Gianluca De Bellis,Donata Luiselli,Patrizia Brigidi,Audax Mabulla,Frank W. Marlowe,Amanda G. Henry,Alyssa N. Crittenden +18 more
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TLDR
It is shown that the Hadza have higher levels of microbial richness and biodiversity than Italian urban controls, and enrichment in Prevotella, Treponema and unclassified Bacteroidetes, as well as a peculiar arrangement of Clostridiales taxa, may enhance the hadza’s ability to digest and extract valuable nutrition from fibrous plant foods.Abstract:
Human gut microbiota directly influences health and provides an extra means of adaptive potential to different lifestyles. To explore variation in gut microbiota and to understand how these bacteria may have co-evolved with humans, here we investigate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolite production of the gut microbiota from a community of human hunter-gatherers, the Hadza of Tanzania. We show that the Hadza have higher levels of microbial richness and biodiversity than Italian urban controls. Further comparisons with two rural farming African groups illustrate other features unique to Hadza that can be linked to a foraging lifestyle. These include absence of Bifidobacterium and differences in microbial composition between the sexes that probably reflect sexual division of labour. Furthermore, enrichment in Prevotella, Treponema and unclassified Bacteroidetes, as well as a peculiar arrangement of Clostridiales taxa, may enhance the Hadza’s ability to digest and extract valuable nutrition from fibrous plant foods.read more
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From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
TL;DR: Data is reviewed supporting the diverse functional roles carried out by a major class of bacterial metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which affect various physiological processes and may contribute to health and disease.
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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation
Gwen Falony,Marie Joossens,Marie Joossens,Sara Vieira-Silva,Jun Wang,Youssef Darzi,Youssef Darzi,Karoline Faust,Karoline Faust,Alexander Kurilshikov,Marc Jan Bonder,Mireia Valles-Colomer,Doris Vandeputte,Doris Vandeputte,Raul Y. Tito,Raul Y. Tito,Samuel Chaffron,Samuel Chaffron,Leen Rymenans,Leen Rymenans,Chloë Verspecht,Lise De Sutter,Lise De Sutter,Gipsi Lima-Mendez,Kevin D'hoe,Kevin D'hoe,Karl Jonckheere,Karl Jonckheere,Daniel Homola,Daniel Homola,Roberto Garcia,Roberto Garcia,Ettje F. Tigchelaar,Linda Eeckhaudt,Linda Eeckhaudt,Jingyuan Fu,Liesbet Henckaerts,Alexandra Zhernakova,Cisca Wijmenga,Jeroen Raes,Jeroen Raes +40 more
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What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases
Emanuele Rinninella,Pauline Raoul,Marco Cintoni,Francesco Franceschi,Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano,Antonio Gasbarrini,Maria Cristina Mele +6 more
TL;DR: This review will provide an overview of the studies that focus on gut microbiota balances in the same individual and between individuals and highlight the close mutualistic relationship between gut microbiota variations and diseases.
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Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism
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The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease.
TL;DR: This review will focus on dietary fibers, which interact directly with gut microbes and lead to the production of key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, and discuss how dietary fiber impacts gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health.
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