Institution
University of Bologna
Education•Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy•
About: University of Bologna is a education organization based out in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 38387 authors who have published 115176 publications receiving 3460869 citations. The organization is also known as: Università di Bologna & UNIBO.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Intestinal permeability, which is a feature of intestinal barrier function, is increasingly recognized as being of relevance for health and disease, and therefore, this topic warrants more attention.
Abstract: Data are accumulating that emphasize the important role of the intestinal barrier and intestinal permeability for health and disease. However, these terms are poorly defined, their assessment is a matter of debate, and their clinical significance is not clearly established. In the present review, current knowledge on mucosal barrier and its role in disease prevention and therapy is summarized. First, the relevant terms ‘intestinal barrier’ and ‘intestinal permeability’ are defined. Secondly, the key element of the intestinal barrier affecting permeability are described. This barrier represents a huge mucosal surface, where billions of bacteria face the largest immune system of our body. On the one hand, an intact intestinal barrier protects the human organism against invasion of microorganisms and toxins, on the other hand, this barrier must be open to absorb essential fluids and nutrients. Such opposing goals are achieved by a complex anatomical and functional structure the intestinal barrier consists of, the functional status of which is described by ‘intestinal permeability’. Third, the regulation of intestinal permeability by diet and bacteria is depicted. In particular, potential barrier disruptors such as hypoperfusion of the gut, infections and toxins, but also selected over-dosed nutrients, drugs, and other lifestyle factors have to be considered. In the fourth part, the means to assess intestinal permeability are presented and critically discussed. The means vary enormously and probably assess different functional components of the barrier. The barrier assessments are further hindered by the natural variability of this functional entity depending on species and genes as well as on diet and other environmental factors. In the final part, we discuss selected diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability such as critically illness, inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, food allergy, irritable bowel syndrome, and – more recently recognized – obesity and metabolic diseases. All these diseases are characterized by inflammation that might be triggered by the translocation of luminal components into the host. In summary, intestinal permeability, which is a feature of intestinal barrier function, is increasingly recognized as being of relevance for health and disease, and therefore, this topic warrants more attention.
1,186 citations
••
TL;DR: Bone scintigraphy enables the diagnosis of cardiac ATTR amyloidosis to be made reliably without the need for histology in patients who do not have a monoclonal gammopathy, and proposes noninvasive diagnostic criteria that are applicable to the majority of patients with this disease.
Abstract: Background—Cardiac transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a progressive and fatal cardiomyopathy for which several promising therapies are in development. The diagnosis is frequently delayed or missed...
1,185 citations
••
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the fact that the ageing process deeply affects the structure of the human gut microbiota, as well as its homeostasis with the host's immune system, because of its crucial role in the host physiology and health status.
Abstract: Background: Age-related physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as modifications in lifestyle, nutritional behaviour, and functionality of the host immune system, inevitably affect the gut microbiota, resulting in a greater susceptibility to infections. Methodology/Principal Findings: By using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip (HITChip) and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA genes of Bacteria and Archaea, we explored the age-related differences in the gut microbiota composition among young adults, elderly, and centenarians, i.e subjects who reached the extreme limits of the human lifespan, living for over 100 years. We observed that the microbial composition and diversity of the gut ecosystem of young adults and seventy-years old people is highly similar but differs significantly from that of the centenarians. After 100 years of symbiotic association with the human host, the microbiota is characterized by a rearrangement in the Firmicutes population and an enrichment in facultative anaerobes, notably pathobionts. The presence of such a compromised microbiota in the centenarians is associated with an increased inflammatory status, also known as inflammageing, as determined by a range of peripheral blood inflammatory markers. This may be explained by a remodelling of the centenarians’ microbiota, with a marked decrease in Faecalibacterium prauznitzii and relatives, symbiotic species with reported anti-inflammatory properties. As signature bacteria of the long life we identified specifically Eubacterium limosum and relatives that were more than ten-fold increased in the centenarians. Conclusions/Significance: We provide evidence for the fact that the ageing process deeply affects the structure of the human gut microbiota, as well as its homeostasis with the host’s immune system. Because of its crucial role in the host physiology and health status, age-related differences in the gut microbiota composition may be related to the progression of diseases and frailty in the elderly population.
1,180 citations
••
TL;DR: The development of the concept of microbial fuel cell into a wider range of derivative technologies, called bioelectrochemical systems, is described, introducing briefly microbial electrolysis cells, microbial desalination cells and microbial electrosynthesis cells.
1,180 citations
••
University of Cologne1, Max Planck Society2, University of Bonn3, Ghent University4, Broad Institute5, Stanford University6, Technical University of Dortmund7, Columbia University8, University of Melbourne9, St. Vincent's Health System10, University of Jena11, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza12, University of Groningen13, VU University Amsterdam14, University of Bologna15, University of Liverpool16, University of Oslo17, University of Zurich18, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre19, Institut Gustave Roussy20, University of Grenoble21, Vanderbilt University22, Harvard University23, University of Washington24, University of Strasbourg25
TL;DR: This study implicates histone modification as a major feature of SCLC, reveals potentially therapeutically tractable genomic alterations and provides a generalizable framework for the identification of biologically relevant genes in the context of high mutational background.
Abstract: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung tumor subtype with poor prognosis(1-3). We sequenced 29 SCLC exomes, 2 genomes and 15 transcriptomes and found an extremely high mutation rate of 7.4 +/- 1 protein-changing mutations per million base pairs. Therefore, we conducted integrated analyses of the various data sets to identify pathogenetically relevant mutated genes. In all cases, we found evidence for inactivation of TP53 and RB1 and identified recurrent mutations in the CREBBP, EP300 and MLL genes that encode histone modifiers. Furthermore, we observed mutations in PTEN, SLIT2 and EPHA7, as well as focal amplifications of the FGFR1 tyrosine kinase gene. Finally, we detected many of the alterations found in humans in SCLC tumors from Tp53 and Rb1 double knockout mice(4). Our study implicates histone modification as a major feature of SCLC, reveals potentially therapeutically tractable genomic alterations and provides a generalizable framework for the identification of biologically relevant genes in the context of high mutational background.
1,177 citations
Authors
Showing all 39076 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
H. S. Chen | 179 | 2401 | 178529 |
Stefan Schreiber | 178 | 1233 | 138528 |
Alvio Renzini | 162 | 908 | 95452 |
David H. Adams | 155 | 1613 | 117783 |
Roberto Romero | 151 | 1516 | 108321 |
Thomas E. Starzl | 150 | 1625 | 91704 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Kypros H. Nicolaides | 147 | 1302 | 87091 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
Fabio Finelli | 147 | 542 | 111128 |
Jack Hirsh | 146 | 734 | 86332 |
Kjell Fuxe | 142 | 1479 | 89846 |
Andrew Ivanov | 142 | 1812 | 97390 |
Peter Lang | 140 | 1136 | 98592 |