Institution
University of London
Education•London, United Kingdom•
About: University of London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 44838 authors who have published 88086 publications receiving 4002499 citations. The organization is also known as: London University & Lond..
Topics: Population, Public health, Health care, Malaria, Health policy
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute1, University of Liverpool2, University of London3, Imperial College Healthcare4, Imperial College London5, Cardiff University6, Yonsei University7, Singapore General Hospital8, National Institutes of Health9, University of Calgary10, University of Exeter11, Health Protection Agency12, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust13, University of Western Australia14, Iowa State University15, University of Leeds16, Leiden University17, University of Birmingham18
TL;DR: This analysis identifies key genetic changes linked to the rapid transcontinental dissemination of epidemic C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 and highlights the routes by which it spreads through the global healthcare system.
Abstract: Epidemic C. difficile (027/BI/NAP1) has rapidly emerged in the past decade as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. However, the key events in evolutionary history leading to its emergence and the subsequent patterns of global spread remain unknown. Here, we define the global population structure of C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We show that two distinct epidemic lineages, FQR1 and FQR2, not one as previously thought, emerged in North America within a relatively short period after acquiring the same fluoroquinolone resistance-conferring mutation and a highly related conjugative transposon. The two epidemic lineages showed distinct patterns of global spread, and the FQR2 lineage spread more widely, leading to healthcare-associated outbreaks in the UK, continental Europe and Australia. Our analysis identifies key genetic changes linked to the rapid transcontinental dissemination of epidemic C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 and highlights the routes by which it spreads through the global healthcare system.
633 citations
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633 citations
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TL;DR: This article showed that the bulk of sovereign yield spreads are explained by differences in credit quality, though liquidity plays a non-trivial role especially for low credit risk countries and during times of heightened market uncertainty.
Abstract: Do bond investors demand credit quality or liquidity? The answer is both, but at different times and for different reasons. Using data on the Euro-area government bond market, which features a unique negative correlation between credit quality and liquidity across countries, we show that the bulk of sovereign yield spreads is explained by differences in credit quality, though liquidity plays a non-trivial role especially for low credit risk countries and during times of heightened market uncertainty. In contrast, the destination of large flows into the bond market is determined almost exclusively by liquidity. We conclude that credit quality matters for bond valuation but that, in times of market stress, investors chase liquidity, not credit quality.
632 citations
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TL;DR: Parasites are affected when they themselves, or other organisms, interact with the immune response and, in particular, the cytokine network and the importance of such interactions is discussed in relation to clinical disease and the development and use of vaccines.
Abstract: Concomitant infections are common in nature and often involve parasites. A number of examples of the interactions between protozoa and viruses, protozoa and bacteria, protozoa and other protozoa, protozoa and helminths, helminths and viruses, helminths and bacteria, and helminths and other helminths are described. In mixed infections the burden of one or both the infectious agents may be increased, one or both may be suppressed or one may be increased and the other suppressed. It is now possible to explain many of these interactions in terms of the effects parasites have on the immune system, particularly parasite-induced immunodepression, and the effects of cytokines controlling polarization to the Th1 or Th2 arms of the immune response. In addition, parasites may be affected, directly or indirectly, by cytokines and other immune effector molecules and parasites may themselves produce factors that affect the cells of the immune system. Parasites are, therefore, affected when they themselves, or other organisms, interact with the immune response and, in particular, the cytokine network. The importance of such interactions is discussed in relation to clinical disease and the development and use of vaccines.
632 citations
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TL;DR: A regression model of log stillbirth rate was developed and used to predict national stillbirth rates from 1995 to 2009, and the estimated number of global stillbirths was 2·64 million in 2009 compared with 3·03 million in 1995.
632 citations
Authors
Showing all 44949 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Karl J. Friston | 217 | 1267 | 217169 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Raymond J. Dolan | 196 | 919 | 138540 |
Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Tony Hunter | 175 | 593 | 124726 |
Chris D. Frith | 173 | 524 | 130472 |
David Baker | 173 | 1226 | 109377 |
Barry Halliwell | 173 | 662 | 159518 |
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Feng Zhang | 172 | 1278 | 181865 |