University of Rouen

About: University of Rouen is a education organization based out in Rouen, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 7299 authors who have published 13209 publications receiving 313477 citations.

Randomized clinical study of nitazoxanide compared to metronidazole in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis in children from Northern Peru

Abstract: Background: Enteric infection by Giardia intestinalis is a common cause of diarrhoea world-wide and a significant cause of morbidity in children. Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide and metronidazole in the treatment of diarrhoea caused by G. intestinalis in children. Methods: A total of 110 children presenting with diarrhoea caused by G. intestinalis were randomized to treatment with either a 3-day course of nitazoxanide (100 mg b.d., age range 2–3 years; 200 mg b.d., age range 4–11 years) or a 5-day course of metronidazole (125 mg b.d., age range 2–5 years; 250 mg b.d., age range 6–11 years). The patients were followed-up for a determination of clinical response 7 days after the initiation of treatment, and two subsequent stool samples were collected for parasitological examination. Results: Diarrhoea had resolved in 47 children out of 55 (85%) in the nitazoxanide treatment group before the day 7 follow-up visit, compared to 44 out of 55 (80%) for metronidazole. Diarrhoea resolved within 4 days in most cases. Only mild, transient adverse events were reported. Conclusions: A 3-day course of nitazoxanide suspension is as efficacious as a standard 5-day course of metronidazole suspension in treating giardiasis in children.

Oral cyclosporin in psoriasis: a systematic review on treatment modalities, risk of kidney toxicity and evidence for use in non-plaque psoriasis

Abstract: Background Although cyclosporin (CyA) has been in use in psoriasis for more than 20 years, there is still controversy regarding treatment strategy, monitoring of kidney function and utility in non-plaque psoriasis Objectives To prepare for evidence-based recommendations concerning the practical use of CyA in psoriasis, we performed a systematic review to better define treatment strategy, risk of kidney toxicity and evidence for use in non-plaque psoriasis Methods A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases, using the key-words ‘psoriasis’, ‘CyA’, ‘nephrotoxicity’ during the period from 1980 to June 2010 Results The initial literature search identified 428 articles The final selection included 16 randomized controlled trials (RCT) for treatment strategy, 25 articles (histological studies and RCT) for risk of kidney toxicity and 10 articles (RCT, prospective studies and case series) for use in non-plaque psoriasis Higher doses of CyA of 5 mg/kg produced Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 75 response in between 50 and 97% of patients, whereas lower doses of 25 mg/kg yielded PASI 75 in between 28 and 85% CyA could maintain remission at doses of at least 3 mg/kg/day Low calory diet in obese patients was shown to improve CyA efficacy More than 50% of the patients treated with CyA may have an increase in serum creatinin value over 30% of baseline if treatment is prolonged for 2 years CyA at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day was effective for 89% of patients with palmoplantar pustulosis More than 50% of the patients with erythrodermic psoriasis obtained a significant improvement at doses between 3 and 5 mg/kg/day at 2–4 months CyA was more effective than etretinate on nail psoriasis Conclusion Oral CyA is indicated for patients with plaque psoriasis, pustular psoriasis or erythrodermic psoriasis The starting dose of 5 mg/kg is associated with a higher degree of clearance The benefit-risk appears to be better for patients without risk factors for nephrotoxicity: non-obese patients without hypertension and aged below 60 Although CyA is ideally suited for crisis intervention, continuous maintenance treatment with CyA may be envisaged in some patients provided serum creatinin is regularly monitored and the cumulative treatment duration is preferably limited to 2 years or less

Singular Perturbations of Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic PDEs: a General Convergence Result

Abstract: The main result of the paper is a general convergence theorem for the viscosity solutions of singular perturbation problems for fully nonlinear degenerate parabolic PDEs (partial differential equations) with highly oscillating initial data. It substantially generalizes some results obtained previously in [2]. Under the only assumptions that the Hamiltonian is ergodic and stabilizing in a suitable sense, the solutions are proved to converge in a relaxed sense to the solution of a limit Cauchy problem with appropriate effective Hamiltonian and initial data. In its formulation, our convergence result is analogous to the stability property of Barles and Perthame. It should thus reveal a useful tool for studying general singular perturbation problems by viscosity solutions techniques. A detailed exposition of ergodicity and stabilization is given, with many examples. Applications to homogenization and averaging are also discussed.