Showing papers by "University of Rouen published in 2021"
Kurume University1, Tulane University2, Manipal University3, Okayama University4, New Generation University College5, Yonsei University6, Gdańsk Medical University7, All India Institute of Medical Sciences8, University of Bari9, University of Kansas10, Stowers Institute for Medical Research11, Complutense University of Madrid12, Ankara University13, Ege University14, University of Utah15, Jagiellonian University Medical College16, St. George's University17, University of Rouen18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg19, University of La Frontera20, St George's, University of London21, Northern Borders University22
TL;DR: Twenty editors‐in‐chiefs from 17 anatomical journals joined together to put together official recommendations that can be used by authors when acknowledging the donor cadavers used in their studies to standardize the writing approach by which donors are acknowledged in anatomical studies that use human cadaveric tissues.
Abstract: Research within the anatomical sciences often relies on human cadaveric tissues. Without the good will of these donors who allow us to use their bodies to push forward our anatomical knowledge, most human anatomical research would come to a standstill. However, many research papers omit an acknowledgement to the donor cadavers or, as no current standardized versions exist, use language that is extremely varied. To remedy this problem, 20 editors-in-chiefs from 17 anatomical journals joined together to put together official recommendations that can be used by authors when acknowledging the donor cadavers used in their studies. The goal of these recommendations is to standardize the writing approach by which donors are acknowledged in anatomical studies that use human cadaveric tissues. Such sections in anatomical papers will not only rightfully thank those who made the donation but might also encourage, motivate, and inspire future individuals to make such gifts for the betterment of the anatomical sciences and patient care.
266 citations
Stephen P.H. Alexander1, Arthur Christopoulos2, Anthony P. Davenport3, Eamonn Kelly4 +151 more•Institutions (85)
TL;DR: The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 as mentioned in this paper provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands.
Abstract: The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
223 citations
Centre hospitalier universitaire Henri-Mondor1, François Rabelais University2, HCL Technologies3, Aix-Marseille University4, University of Rouen5, University of Burgundy6, University of Franche-Comté7, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes8, University of Poitiers9, University of Angers10, university of lille11
TL;DR: Age >60 years, cardiovascular disease, dyspnea, fever, lymphopenia, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were associated with severe COVID‐19 in univariate analysis, whereas transplant status and serum creatinine levels were not; however, 30‐day CO VID‐19‐related mortality was significantly higher in KTR.
174 citations
University of Basel1, University of Pavia2, Kangwon National University3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul5, Wageningen University and Research Centre6, University of Ljubljana7, National Research Council8, University of Valencia9, University of New England (Australia)10, National Taipei University of Technology11, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics12, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research13, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague14, Augsburg College15, University of Turin16, University of Bari17, Leibniz Association18, Tottori University19, University of Orléans20, University of Adelaide21, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano22, Yazd University23, Spanish National Research Council24, Beijing Normal University25, University of Twente26, University of Leicester27, Julius Kühn-Institut28, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich29, Agricultural Research Service30, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research31, University of Nebraska–Lincoln32, University of Rouen33, Romanian Academy34, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais35, Université catholique de Louvain36, University of Pisa37, University of Tehran38, University of Milan39, University of Alaska Fairbanks40, Wuhan Institute of Technology41, University of Maryland, College Park42, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki43, University of Aveiro44, Northwest A&F University45
TL;DR: This database intends to support the upcoming country-based United Nations global soil-erosion assessment in addition to helping to inform soil erosion research priorities by building a foundation for future targeted, in-depth analyses.
145 citations
TL;DR: A U‐Net based segmentation network using attention mechanism including a spatial attention module and a channel attention module is proposed to incorporate an attention mechanism to re‐weight the feature representation spatially and channel‐wise to capture rich contextual relationships for better feature representation.
Abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a devastating effect on the global public health. Computed Tomography (CT) is an effective tool in the screening of COVID-19. It is of great importance to rapidly and accurately segment COVID-19 from CT to help diagnostic and patient monitoring. In this paper, we propose a U-Net based segmentation network using attention mechanism. As not all the features extracted from the encoders are useful for segmentation, we propose to incorporate an attention mechanism including a spatial attention module and a channel attention module, to a U-Net architecture to re-weight the feature representation spatially and channel-wise to capture rich contextual relationships for better feature representation. In addition, the focal Tversky loss is introduced to deal with small lesion segmentation. The experiment results, evaluated on a COVID-19 CT segmentation dataset where 473 CT slices are available, demonstrate the proposed method can achieve an accurate and rapid segmentation result on COVID-19. The method takes only 0.29 second to segment a single CT slice. The obtained Dice Score and Hausdorff Distance are 83.1% and 18.8, respectively.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three methods including MARS, artificial neural network (ANN) with Levenberg-Marquardt for training and GMDH are employed for thermal conductivity of the nanofluids containing ZnO particles.
Abstract: Nanofluids are attractive alternatives for the current heat transfer fluids due to their remarkably higher thermal conductivity which leads to the improved thermal performance. Nanofluids are applicable in porous media for improving their heat transfer. Proposing accurate models for forecasting this feature of nanofluids can facilitate and accelerate the design and modeling of nanofluids’ thermal mediums with porous structure. In the present study, three methods including MARS, artificial neural network (ANN) with Levenberg–Marquardt for training and GMDH are employed for thermal conductivity of the nanofluids containing ZnO particles. The confidence of the models is compared according to various criteria. It is observed that the most accurate model is obtained by using ANN with Levenberg–Marquardt followed by GMDH and MARS. R2 of the mentioned models are 0.9987, 0.9980 and 0.9879, respectively. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to find the importance of the input variables and it is concluded that the thermal conductivity of the base fluids has the highest importance followed by volume fraction of solid phase, size of particles and temperature.
91 citations
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a correlation model is proposed to represent the latent multi-source correlation, and the correlation representations across modalities are fused via attention mechanism into a shared representation to emphasize the most important features for segmentation.
Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used imaging technique to assess brain tumor. Accurately segmenting brain tumor from MR images is the key to clinical diagnostics and treatment planning. In addition, multi-modal MR images can provide complementary information for accurate brain tumor segmentation. However, it’s common to miss some imaging modalities in clinical practice. In this paper, we present a novel brain tumor segmentation algorithm with missing modalities. Since it exists a strong correlation between multi-modalities, a correlation model is proposed to specially represent the latent multi-source correlation. Thanks to the obtained correlation representation, the segmentation becomes more robust in the case of missing modality. First, the individual representation produced by each encoder is used to estimate the modality independent parameter. Then, the correlation model transforms all the individual representations to the latent multi-source correlation representations. Finally, the correlation representations across modalities are fused via attention mechanism into a shared representation to emphasize the most important features for segmentation. We evaluate our model on BraTS 2018 and BraTS 2019 dataset, it outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods and produces robust results when one or more modalities are missing.
81 citations
TL;DR: Metformin use appeared to be associated with a lower risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, and compared with non-users, metformin users were younger with a higher prevalence of diabetic complications, but had more severe features of CO VID-19 on admission.
61 citations
University of Ljubljana1, Kangwon National University2, University of Basel3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul5, University of São Paulo6, Wageningen University and Research Centre7, National Research Council8, University of Valencia9, University of New England (Australia)10, National Taipei University of Technology11, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics12, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research13, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague14, Augsburg College15, University of Turin16, University of Bari17, Leibniz Association18, Tottori University19, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics20, University of Adelaide21, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano22, Yazd University23, Spanish National Research Council24, Beijing Normal University25, University of Twente26, University of Pavia27, University of Leicester28, Julius Kühn-Institut29, École Normale Supérieure30, Agricultural Research Service31, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research32, University of Nebraska–Lincoln33, University of Rouen34, Romanian Academy35, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais36, Université catholique de Louvain37, University of Pisa38, University of Tehran39, University of Milan40, University of Alaska Fairbanks41, Wuhan Institute of Technology42, University of Maryland, College Park43, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki44, University of Aveiro45, Northwest A&F University46
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of the number of authors, the publication type and the selected journal on the citation count of soil erosion modeling research papers and found that the selection of the soil erosion model has the largest impact on the publication citations, followed by the modelling scale and the publication's CiteScore.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a correlation model is proposed to represent the latent multi-source correlation, and the correlation representations across modalities are fused via attention mechanism into a shared representation to emphasize the most important features.
Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used imaging technique to assess brain tumor. Accurately segmenting brain tumor from MR images is the key to clinical diagnostics and treatment planning. In addition, multi-modal MR images can provide complementary information for accurate brain tumor segmentation. However, it's common to miss some imaging modalities in clinical practice. In this paper, we present a novel brain tumor segmentation algorithm with missing modalities. Since it exists a strong correlation between multi-modalities, a correlation model is proposed to specially represent the latent multi-source correlation. Thanks to the obtained correlation representation, the segmentation becomes more robust in the case of missing modality. First, the individual representation produced by each encoder is used to estimate the modality independent parameter. Then, the correlation model transforms all the individual representations to the latent multi-source correlation representations. Finally, the correlation representations across modalities are fused via attention mechanism into a shared representation to emphasize the most important features for segmentation. We evaluate our model on BraTS 2018 and BraTS 2019 dataset, it outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods and produces robust results when one or more modalities are missing.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess physical fitness and its relationship with functional dyspnea in survivors of Covid-19, 6 months after their discharge from the hospital, using a modified Medical Research Council (mRC) scale.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study was to assess physical fitness and its relationship with functional dyspnea in survivors of Covid-19, 6 months after their discharge from the hospital. METHODS: Data collected routinely from people referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) following hospitalization for Covid-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Persistent dyspnea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea (mMRC) scale. RESULTS: Twenty-three people with persistent symptoms were referred for CPET. Mean mMRC dyspnea score was 1 (SD = 1) and was significantly associated with VO2peak (%) (rho = -0.49). At 6 months, those hospitalized in the general ward had a slightly reduced VO2peak (87% [SD = 20]), whereas those who had been in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a moderately reduced VO2peak (77% [SD = 15]). Of note, the results of the CPET revealed that, in all patients, respiratory equivalents were high, power-to-weight ratios were low, and those who had been in the ICU had a relatively low ventilatory efficiency (mean VE/VCO2 slope = 34 [SD = 5]). Analysis of each individual showed that none had a breathing reserve <15% or 11 L/min, all had a normal exercise electrocardiogram, and 4 had a heart rate above 90%. CONCLUSION: At 6 months, persistent dyspnea was associated with reduced physical fitness. This study offers initial insights into the mid-term physical fitness of people who required hospitalization for Covid-19. It also provides novel pathophysiological clues about the underlaying mechanism of the physical limitations associated with persistent dyspnea. Those with persistent dyspnea should be offered a tailored rehabilitation intervention, which should probably include muscle reconditioning, breathing retraining, and perhaps respiratory muscle training. IMPACT: This study is the first to show that a persistent breathing disorder (in addition to muscle deconditioning) can explain persistent symptoms 6 months after hospitalization for Covid-19 infection and suggests that a specific rehabilitation intervention is warranted.
TL;DR: In this article, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network was used to reconstruct groundwater level (GWL) measurements from piezometers implanted in the chalk aquifer in the Normandy region, Northern France.
University Medical Center Groningen1, University of Bern2, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico3, University of Milan4, University of Birmingham5, University of Florence6, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust7, Newcastle University8, University of Amsterdam9, University of Parma10, University of Marburg11, University of Rouen12, University College London13, University of New South Wales14, Utrecht University15, University of Lübeck16, King's College London17, Boston Children's Hospital18
TL;DR: A S3 consensus-based guideline that systematically reviewed the literature on mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until June 2019, with no limitations on language, is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This guideline has been initiated by the task force Autoimmune Blistering Diseases of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, including physicians from all relevant disciplines and patient organizations. It is a S3 consensus-based guideline that systematically reviewed the literature on mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until June 2019, with no limitations on language. While the first part of this guideline addressed methodology, as well as epidemiology, terminology, aetiology, clinical presentation and outcome measures in MMP, the second part presents the diagnostics and management of MMP. MMP should be suspected in cases with predominant mucosal lesions. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy to detect tissue-bound IgG, IgA and/or complement C3, combined with serological testing for circulating autoantibodies are recommended. In most patients, serum autoantibodies are present only in low levels and in variable proportions, depending on the clinical sites involved. Circulating autoantibodies are determined by indirect IF assays using tissue substrates, or ELISA using different recombinant forms of the target antigens or immunoblotting using different substrates. The major target antigen in MMP is type XVII collagen (BP180), although in 10-25% of patients laminin 332 is recognized. In 25-30% of MMP patients with anti-laminin 332 reactivity, malignancies have been associated. As first-line treatment of mild/moderate MMP, dapsone, methotrexate or tetracyclines and/or topical corticosteroids are recommended. For severe MMP, dapsone and oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide and/or oral corticosteroids are recommended as first-line regimens. Additional recommendations are given, tailored to treatment of single-site MMP such as oral, ocular, laryngeal, oesophageal and genital MMP, as well as the diagnosis of ocular MMP. Treatment recommendations are limited by the complete lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Loyola University Chicago1, Bar-Ilan University2, Mackenzie Presbyterian University3, University of Concepción4, University of Rouen5, European University Cyprus6, Kırklareli University7, University of Malta8, Sofia University9, American College of Greece10, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust11, University of Santiago de Compostela12, University of Porto13, Universidade Europeia14, University of Paris15, University of Coimbra16, University of Huelva17, Cyprus University of Technology18, National University of Distance Education19, National University of Entre Ríos20, University of Minho21
Abstract: Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic, declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, which could have negative consequences for pregnant and postpartum women. The scarce evidence published to date suggests that perinatal mental health has deteriorated since the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the few studies published so far have some limitations, such as a cross-sectional design and the omission of important factors for the understanding of perinatal mental health, including governmental restriction measures and healthcare practices implemented at the maternity hospitals. Within the Riseup-PPD COST Action, a study is underway to assess the impact of COVID-19 in perinatal mental health. The primary objectives are to (1) evaluate changes in perinatal mental health outcomes; and (2) determine the risk and protective factors for perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will compare the results between the countries participating in the study. This is an international prospective cohort study, with a baseline and three follow-up assessments over a six-month period. It is being carried out in 11 European countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom), Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The sample consists of adult pregnant and postpartum women (with infants up to 6 months of age). The assessment includes measures on COVID-19 epidemiology and public health measures (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker dataset), Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences (COPE questionnaires), psychological distress (BSI-18), depression (EPDS), anxiety (GAD-7) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD checklist for DSM-V). This study will provide important information for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health and well-being, including the identification of potential risk and protective factors by implementing predictive models using machine learning techniques. The findings will help policymakers develop suitable guidelines and prevention strategies for perinatal mental health and contribute to designing tailored mental health interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04595123
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TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal reliability optimization of a pin fin heat sink (HS) filled with phase change material (PCM) was studied to study the heat transfer performance for cooling of electronic devices.
Thomas More College1, Stockholm University2, VU University Amsterdam3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg4, Haukeland University Hospital5, University of Cyprus6, University of Rouen7, Lebanese American University8, University of Bergamo9, Vilnius University10, University of Porto11, ISMAI12, University of Graz13
TL;DR: An overview of the mental health professionals' actual needs and concerns regarding the use of online consultations is provided in order to highlight areas of possible intervention and allow the implementation of necessary governmental, educational, and instrumental support so that online consultations can become a feasible and stable option in mental healthcare.
TL;DR: It is proposed that a dynamic view of exploratory behavior would reveal how individuals develop exploratory activity that generates information about the fit between environmental properties and action capabilities.
Abstract: In respect to ecological psychology processes of attunement and calibration, this critical review focusses on how exploratory behaviors may contribute to skilled perception and action, with particular attention to sport. Based on the theoretical insights of Gibson (The senses considered as perceptual systems, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1966) and Reed (Encountering the world: Toward an ecological psychology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996), exploratory and performatory actions have been differentiated in numerous experiments to study the perception of opportunities of action. The distinction between exploratory and performatory actions has informed the study of infant behavior in developmental psychology. In the current article, we highlight limitations with this distinction in the study of sports performers. We propose that a dynamic view of exploratory behavior would reveal how individuals develop exploratory activity that generates information about the fit between environmental properties and action capabilities. In this aim, practitioners should: (1) give learners the opportunity to safely develop exploratory behaviors even when they act outside their action boundary; and (2) guide learners to search for more reliable information to develop exploratory behaviors that would enhance the transfer of skills to various performance contexts.
TL;DR: In this paper, a chemical positive modulator (HEI3090) of the purinergic P2RX7 receptor was developed to potentiate αPD-1 treatment to effectively control the growth of lung tumors in transplantable and oncogene-induced mouse models and trigger long lasting antitumor immune responses.
Abstract: Only a subpopulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients responds to immunotherapies, highlighting the urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcome. We develop a chemical positive modulator (HEI3090) of the purinergic P2RX7 receptor that potentiates αPD-1 treatment to effectively control the growth of lung tumors in transplantable and oncogene-induced mouse models and triggers long lasting antitumor immune responses. Mechanistically, the molecule stimulates dendritic P2RX7-expressing cells to generate IL-18 which leads to the production of IFN-γ by Natural Killer and CD4+ T cells within tumors. Combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor, the molecule induces a complete tumor regression in 80% of LLC tumor-bearing mice. Cured mice are also protected against tumor re-challenge due to a CD8-dependent protective response. Hence, combination treatment of small-molecule P2RX7 activator followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor represents a strategy that may be active against NSCLC.
TL;DR: The first assessment of antibody and T cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 in 11 kidney‐transplanted patients recovered from RT‐PCR–confirmed or initially suspected COVID‐19 is reported, suggesting that during CO VID‐19, monitoring both T cell and serological immunity might be helpful for the differential diagnosis of COVID19.
TL;DR: In this article, home-based exercise therapy delivered using advanced telehealth technology (ATT-ET) for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with: no exercise therapy (ET), in/outpatient ET, and homebased ET without ATT?
TL;DR: Rilzabrutinib is a reversible, covalent BTK inhibitor demonstrating preclinical efficacy as monotherapy in canine pemphigus foliaceus as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition targets B-cell and other non-T-cell immune cells implicated in the pathophysiology of pemphigus, an autoimmune disease driven by anti-desmoglein autoantibodies. Rilzabrutinib is a new reversible, covalent BTK inhibitor demonstrating preclinical efficacy as monotherapy in canine pemphigus foliaceus. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral rilzabrutinib in patients with pemphigus vulgaris in a multicentre, proof-of-concept, phase II trial. METHODS: Patients with Pemphigus Disease Area Index severity scores 8-45 received 12 weeks of oral rilzabrutinib 400-600 mg twice daily and 12 weeks of follow-up. Patients initially received between 0 and ≤ 0·5 mg kg-1 prednisone-equivalent corticosteroid (CS; i.e. 'low dose'), tapered after control of disease activity (CDA; no new lesions, existing lesions healing). The primary endpoints were CDA within 4 weeks on zero-to-low-dose CS and safety. RESULTS: In total, 27 patients with pemphigus vulgaris were included: nine newly diagnosed (33%) and 18 relapsing (67%); 11 had moderate disease (41%) and 16 moderate to severe (59%). The primary endpoint, CDA, was achieved in 14 patients (52%, 95% confidence interval 32-71): 11 using low-dose CS and three using no CS. Over 12 weeks of treatment, mean CS doses reduced from 20·0 to 11·8 mg per day for newly diagnosed patients and from 10·3 to 7·8 mg per day for relapsing patients. Six patients (22%) achieved complete response by week 24, including four (15%) by week 12. Treatment-related adverse events were mostly mild (grade 1 or 2); one patient experienced grade 3 cellulitis. CONCLUSIONS: Rilzabrutinib alone, or with much lower CS doses than usual, was safe, with rapid clinical activity in pemphigus vulgaris. These data suggest that BTK inhibition may be a promising treatment strategy and support further investigation of rilzabrutinib for the treatment of pemphigus.
University College London1, UCL Institute of Neurology2, Karolinska Institutet3, St George's, University of London4, King's College London5, Leiden University Medical Center6, Royal United Hospital7, Walton Centre8, Hull Royal Infirmary9, National Health Service10, University of Oxford11, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland12, Ghent University Hospital13, University College Hospital14, University of Rouen15, Norwegian University of Science and Technology16, Oslo University Hospital17
TL;DR: This study was undertaken to identify susceptibility loci for cluster headache and obtain insights into relevant disease pathways.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to identify susceptibility loci for cluster headache and obtain insights into relevant disease pathways. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide association study, where 852 UK and 591 Swedish cluster headache cases were compared with 5,614 and 1,134 controls, respectively. Following quality control and imputation, single variant association testing was conducted using a logistic mixed model for each cohort. The 2 cohorts were subsequently combined in a merged analysis. Downstream analyses, such as gene-set enrichment, functional variant annotation, prediction and pathway analyses, were performed. RESULTS Initial independent analysis identified 2 replicable cluster headache susceptibility loci on chromosome 2. A merged analysis identified an additional locus on chromosome 1 and confirmed a locus significant in the UK analysis on chromosome 6, which overlaps with a previously known migraine locus. The lead single nucleotide polymorphisms were rs113658130 (p = 1.92 × 10-17 , odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-1.66) and rs4519530 (p = 6.98 × 10-17 , OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.34-1.61) on chromosome 2, rs12121134 on chromosome 1 (p = 1.66 × 10-8 , OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.22-1.52), and rs11153082 (p = 1.85 × 10-8 , OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.19-1.42) on chromosome 6. Downstream analyses implicated immunological processes in the pathogenesis of cluster headache. INTERPRETATION We identified and replicated several genome-wide significant associations supporting a genetic predisposition in cluster headache in a genome-wide association study involving 1,443 cases. Replication in larger independent cohorts combined with comprehensive phenotyping, in relation to, for example, treatment response and cluster headache subtypes, could provide unprecedented insights into genotype-phenotype correlations and the pathophysiological pathways underlying cluster headache. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:193-202.
TL;DR: In this paper, the accuracy and applicability of machine learning methods, mainly based on intelligent techniques, in modeling and forecasting the performance of heat exchangers are dependent on some factors including architecture of algorithm, inputs of the model, and complexity of the system.
Abstract: Heat exchangers are applicable in different industries and technologies, and their performance is influenced by different parameters. In addition to experimental and time-consuming computational approaches, intelligent methods can be used for the investigation of heat exchanger performance due to their abilities in accurate prediction and relatively fast performance. The accuracy and applicability of machine learning methods, mainly based on intelligent techniques, in modeling and forecasting the performance of heat exchangers are dependent on some factors including architecture of algorithm, inputs of the model, and complexity of the system. Owing to the aforementioned facts, it would be crucial to consider the influential factors in the proposed mode to produce models with the greatest accuracy. In this work, different applications of intelligent methods in performance modeling heat exchangers are reviewed, and the key outcomes of the reviewed works are represented. Moreover, the items influencing the performance of these methods are investigated. In the final stage of the current paper, some ideas are recommended for future works in the relevant fields.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the efficacy and safety of imeglimin, the first in a new class of oral antidiabetic agent, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of imeglimin, the first in a new class of oral antidiabetic agent, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in 30 sites in Japan. Eligible participants were individuals aged ≥20 years with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and exercise, stable for ≥12 weeks prior to screening, and whose HbA1c was 7.0–10.0% (53–86 mmol/mol). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral imeglimin (1,000 mg twice daily) or matched placebo for 24 weeks. Investigators, participants, and the sponsor of the study remained blinded throughout the trial. The primary end point was the change in mean HbA1c from baseline to week 24, and the key secondary end point was the percentage of responders (according to two definitions) at week 24. RESULTS Between 26 December 2017 and 1 February 2019, 106 and 107 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with imeglimin and placebo, respectively. Compared with placebo, the adjusted mean difference in change from baseline HbA1c at week 24 was −0.87% (95% CI −1.04 to −0.69 [−9.5 mmol/mol; 95% CI −11.4 to −7.5]; P CONCLUSIONS Imeglimin significantly improved HbA1c in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes compared with placebo and had a similar safety profile to placebo. Imeglimin represents a potential new treatment option for this population.
TL;DR: Impact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial.
Abstract: Background Impact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. Objectives The objectives of this study were to analyze the natural history of ICD between baseline and 1 year after subthalamic DBS in patients with PD and to identify predictive factors, taking into account the positions of the active contact and stimulation parameters. Methods We analyzed postoperative modifications of ICD based on the multicentric, prospective Predictive Factors and Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease cohort. ICD status and Ardouin Scale of Behaviour in PD were assessed at baseline and 1 year following subthalamic DBS. Location of active contacts within the 3 subthalamic nucleus functional territories was investigated. Results A total of 217 were patients included. Of the patients, 10.6% had ICD at baseline of which 95.6% improved at 1 year following subthalamic DBS; 3.6% of the patients experienced de novo ICD at 1 year following subthalamic DBS. Dopamine agonist dose reduction (from 309.8 to 109.3 mg) was the main driver of ICD regression (P = 0.05). Higher preoperative dyskinesias were associated with poorer ICD evolution (P = 0.04). Whereas baseline apathy was a risk factor of de novo ICD (P = 0.02), ICD improvement correlated with postoperative apathy (P = 0.004). Stimulation power and position of active contacts-mainly located within the sensorimotor part of the subthalamic nucleus-did not influence ICD. Conclusions This 1-year, postoperative follow-up study showed ICD regression and dopaminergic drug reduction with optimal position of the active contacts within the subthalamic nucleus. Whereas patients with PD with preoperative ICD were prone to postoperative apathy, we also showed that those with preoperative apathy had a higher risk to experience postoperative de novo ICD, further highlighting the meaningful influence of postoperative management of dopaminergic medication on outcome and the continuum between apathy and ICD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
TL;DR: The most widely studied models in terms of the flagellar apparatus are E. coli and Salmonella flagella as discussed by the authors, however, there are many differences between these enteric bacteria and the bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus.
Abstract: Flagella-driven motility is an important trait for bacterial colonization and virulence. Flagella rotate and propel bacteria in liquid or semi-liquid media to ensure such bacterial fitness. Bacterial flagella are composed of three parts: a membrane complex, a flexible-hook, and a flagellin filament. The most widely studied models in terms of the flagellar apparatus are E. coli and Salmonella. However, there are many differences between these enteric bacteria and the bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Enteric bacteria possess peritrichous flagella, in contrast to Pseudomonads, which possess polar flagella. In addition, flagellar gene expression in Pseudomonas is under a four-tiered regulatory circuit, whereas enteric bacteria express flagellar genes in a three-step manner. Here, we use knowledge of E. coli and Salmonella flagella to describe the general properties of flagella and then focus on the specificities of Pseudomonas flagella. After a description of flagellar structure, which is highly conserved among Gram-negative bacteria, we focus on the steps of flagellar assembly that differ between enteric and polar-flagellated bacteria. In addition, we summarize generalities concerning the fuel used for the production and rotation of the flagellar macromolecular complex. The last part summarizes known regulatory pathways and potential links with the type-six secretion system (T6SS).
TL;DR: To assess the efficacy and safety of imeglimin monotherapy compared with placebo for 24 weeks in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Abstract: AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of imeglimin monotherapy compared with placebo for 24 weeks in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging, phase 2b clinical trial, Japanese adults (age ≥ 20 years) with T2D either treatment-naive or previously treated with one oral antidiabetes agent were eligible for participation. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive orally imeglimin 500, 1000 or 1500 mg, or placebo twice-daily over a 24-week period. The primary endpoint was the placebo-adjusted change at week 24 in HbA1c. Safety outcomes were assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. RESULTS A total of 299 patients were randomized to receive double-blind treatment with orally twice-daily placebo (n = 75), imeglimin 500 mg (n = 75), 1000 mg (n = 74) or 1500 mg (n = 75). At week 24, imeglimin significantly decreased HbA1c (difference vs. placebo: imeglimin 500 mg -0.52% [95% CI: -0.77%, -0.27%], imeglimin 1000 mg -0.94% [95% CI: -1.19%, -0.68%], imeglimin 1500 mg -1.00% [95% CI: -1.26%, -0.75%]; P < .0001 for all). Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported for 68.0%, 62.2%, 73.3% and 68.0% of patients receiving imeglimin 500, 1000 or 1500 mg and placebo, respectively. A small increase in gastrointestinal adverse effects (e.g. diarrhoea) occurred with the 1500 mg dose level. Hypoglycaemia was balanced among groups. CONCLUSIONS Imeglimin as monotherapy in Japanese patients with T2D was well tolerated and significantly improved glycaemic control with no significant increase in hypoglycaemic events versus placebo. Given the marginal increase in efficacy with the 1500 versus 1000 mg dose (along with the potential for gastrointestinal tolerability issues), a dose of 1000 mg twice-daily was selected for subsequent phase 3 studies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the food intake and clinical characteristics of patients with severe food avoidance and restriction in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, and found that 13.2% of the patients reported severe food aversion and restriction, and in these patients all aspects of quality of life were lower.