Showing papers in "Experimental Gerontology in 2007"

TL;DR: Evidence that CR provides a powerful protective effect against secondary aging in humans is provided, consisting of the finding that risk factors for atherosclerosis and diabetes are markedly reduced in humans on CR.

TL;DR: It is found that over an almost 50-fold change in peroxide indicator dye fluorescence intensity, there is a continuous, exponential correlation between cellular oxidative stress levels and telomere shortening rates, which suggests stress-mediatedtelomere DNA damage as an important determinant of telomeres shortening.

TL;DR: The aims of this review are to highlight recent findings regarding changes in preadipocyte cell dynamics and function with aging, and to consider how inherent characteristics of these cells potentially contribute to age- and depot-dependent changes in fat tissue development and function.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that the aged immune system is no longer able to control EBV and CMV reactivation that could now be characterized as chronic instead of latent.

TL;DR: Mortalin was first cloned as a mortality factor that existed in the cytoplasmic fractions of normal, but not in immortal, mouse fibroblasts and was proved to be an attractive target for cancer therapy.

TL;DR: Observations in HIV non-infected elderly individuals suggest that premature immunosenescence occurs in HIV-1 infection, as a result of persistent immune activation.

TL;DR: Research efforts need to aim at understanding T-cell homeostatic control mechanisms to ultimately expand the time period of repertoire stability and develop a broad repertoire of memory T cells before the critical time period when the naïve CD4 T- cell repertoire collapses.

TL;DR: It is shown that in old age inflammatory processes contribute to the development of depressive symptoms but not cognitive decline, and a high innate IL-1ra toIL-1beta production capacity reflects a better ability to neutralize inflammation and may therefore protect against depressive symptoms.

TL;DR: The results suggested that survival to the age of 100 years is associated with selection of individuals with an "inverted" IRP that was stable across time, i.e., maintenance of a high CD4/CD8 ratio and low numbers of CD8+CD28- cells.

TL;DR: The role of insulin signaling in brain aging and AD is reviewed, concluding that the signaling pathways downstream to neurotrophic and insulin signaling are defective and coincident with aberrant phosphorylation and translocation of key components, notably AKT and GSK3beta, but also rac> PAK signaling.

TL;DR: The role of ROS generated by NOX family NADPH oxidases has been largely overlooked in aging theories and their relative contribution as compared to mitochondria needs further investigations.

TL;DR: This mini-review will discuss the main mechanisms and gene targets for these antioxidant signaling pathways during exercise, inflammation and aging.

TL;DR: Overall, these studies show that the use of imaging for the early detection of AD is successful even in the earlier stages of disease when clinical symptoms are not fully expressed and the regional brain damage may be limited.

TL;DR: Overall, honey bee workers exhibit a logistic mortality dynamic which is mainly caused by the age-dependent transition from a low mortality pre-foraging state to a higher mortality foraging state.

TL;DR: Phospholipid molecules from the skeletal muscle, heart, liver and liver mitochondria were identified and quantified using mass-spectrometry shotgun lipidomics in two similar-sized rodents that show an approximately 9-fold difference in maximum lifespan.

TL;DR: The data indicate that changes in cytokine production by PBMCs may be detected early in MCI, and an alteration of the immune response may precede clinical AD.

TL;DR: This study offers an alternative view to the commonly held hypothesis that telomerase activity is down-regulated in all post-mitotic somatic tissues in long-lived organisms as a tumor-protective mechanism and highlights the need for more comparative analyses of telomersase, lifespan and the incidence of tumor formation.

TL;DR: This review makes an attempt to ascribe many of the deleterious effects of smoking on human health to a general principle, namely the acceleration of aging processes by cigarette smoke chemicals.

TL;DR: Evidence from this group and others has suggested that two of the most clinically significant age-associated hematological conditions, namely, the diminution of the adaptive immune system and the elevated incidence of myeloproliferative diseases, have their origin in cell autonomous changes in the functional capacity of hematopoietic stem cells.

TL;DR: It appears that parts of this response indeed are also associated with extended longevity, whereas some elements are not, due to their high cost or long-term deleterious consequences.

TL;DR: Research on Nothobranchius furzeri, a species with a maximum life expectancy in captivity of just three months which represents the shortest documented captive lifespan for a vertebrate, has demonstrated that short lifespan is tied with explosive growth and accelerated sexual maturation.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the 3-fold difference in peroxidation index of phospholipids of queens and workers is large enough to account for the order-of-magnitude difference in their longevity.

TL;DR: The extension of life span by diet restriction in Drosophila has been argued to occur without limiting calories, but here it is found that caloric intake is reduced on all diets that extend life span.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the neuropathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease is presented and it is shown that inflammation and oxidative stress play major pathogenic roles throughout disease progression and that anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective agents including those from medicinal plants and health promoting foods may protect against AD, possibly through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, cytokine downregulation and strengthening the neurons antioxidant defense.

TL;DR: Results of this study suggest that diabetes is associated with premature cellular senescence which can be prevented by good glycemic control in type II DM and reduced in type I DM.

TL;DR: Reduction of gene dosage of RP genes belonging to both the 60S and the 40S subunit affect lifespan, possibly altering the aging process by modulation of translation.

TL;DR: The apparent contradiction between increased ROS generation and long lifespan in daf-2(e1370) is reconciled by an enhanced stress defense, acknowledging oxidative damage as a probable cause of aging.

TL;DR: This is the first report demonstrating that regular exercise can reduce significantly oxidative damage to both the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and suggests that the apparent beneficial outcomes in reducing the DNA damage by regular Exercise can be interpreted in terms of hormetic effect by moderate oxidative stress and potential adaptation to stronger stresses.

TL;DR: A decline in olfactory acquisition performance that is linked to social role, but not to chronological age is shown, which point to complex effects of aging on associative learning in honey bees.

TL;DR: The link to accelerated immunosenescence in this respect may be via the enhanced pro-inflammatory status observed in the elderly and in chronic disease at any age.