Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 2013"

TL;DR: The BPS-O task provides a sensitive measure for observing changes in memory performance across the lifespan and may be useful for the early detection of memory impairments that may provide an early signal of later development to mild cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that both subjective and objective measures of virtual-hand ownership are enhanced by cardio-visual feedback in-time with the actual heartbeat, as compared to asynchronous feedback.

TL;DR: Timing function deficits in ADHD, next to executive function deficits, form an independent impairment domain and should receive more attention in neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and pharmacological basic research as well as in translational research aimed to develop pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment of abnormal timing behaviour and cognition in ADHD.

TL;DR: These findings show that enhanced memory for more congruent information is mediated by the mPFC, which is hypothesised to guide integration of new information into a pre-existing schema represented in cortical areas, whileMemory for more incongruent information relies instead on automatic encoding of arbitrary associations by the MTL.

TL;DR: A theory of implicit memory is presented that describes it as a form of general plasticity within processing networks that adaptively improve function via experience based on widespread mechanisms of cortical plasticity.

TL;DR: This study provides a new framework for subdividing the cingulum, based both on its known connectivity and MRI-based properties, and tested the validity of dividing this tract into subdivisions corresponding to the ‘parahippocampal’, ‘retrosplenial”, and ‘subgenual’ portions.

TL;DR: It was showed that while active tDCS can enhance behavioural performance, with neurophysiological findings indicating improve efficiency of cognitive processing; it was shown that 1 mA produced the most significant effects.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that self-reported empathy deficits in fathers of autistic probands are part of the ‘broader autism phenotype’, as well as replicating previous work demonstrating empathy difficulties in adults with ASC.

TL;DR: Several cognitive variables biasing repetition effects in the BOLD response towards enhancement instead of suppression are identified and evaluated, finding that there is no one single model that is able to embrace all repetition enhancement effects.

TL;DR: This work highlights for the first time the essential role of the left inferior fronto-occipital fascicle in multimodal semantic processing and suggests its possible implication in the monitoring of the human level of consciousness related to semantic memory, namely noetic consciousness.

TL;DR: There may be an optimal range of activation within certain neural systems, neither too high nor too low, that supports appropriate parenting, and mounting evidence that the very structure of the human brain is altered by the cognitive challenges inherent in learning how to parent.

TL;DR: Comparisons of white matter integrity and gray matter volumetric patterns of older adult lifelong bilinguals and monolinguals suggest that lifelong bilingualism contributes to CR against WM integrity declines in aging.

TL;DR: In this article, the brain processes and their time course underlying the typical behavioral recognition advantage of happy facial expressions were identified and the correlation between event-related-potential (ERP) patterns and recognition performance was assessed.

TL;DR: This review discusses behavioral studies on time perception in healthy children that suggest the existence of a primitive "sense" of time in infants as well as research that has revealed the changes in time judgments that occur throughout childhood.

TL;DR: Examination of functional magnetic resonance imaging data suggests that episodic counterfactual thinking engages regions that form the core brain network, and also that the subjective likelihood of the authors' counterfactUAL thoughts modulates the engagement of different areas within this set of regions.

TL;DR: FMRI data support the assumption that dynamic social incentives elicit robust VS/Nacc activity, which likely reflects motivation to obtain social reward and to avoid social punishment.

TL;DR: ERP analysis investigated the extent to which the amusic brain differs from that of controls when processing notes of high IC (low probability) as compared to low IC ones (high probability), and revealed a novel effect that was highly comparable in both groups.

TL;DR: The results suggest that individuals with a higher degree of sensitivity to time are also more sensitive to their feelings of stimulant-induced euphoria and drug liking-suggesting that internal clock and reward pathways share common dopaminergic pathways.

TL;DR: Non-musicians were asked to synchronize with musical and non-musical stimuli via hand tapping and four participants showed poor synchronization in absence of poor pitch perception, which points toward disrupted auditory-motor mapping as the key impairment accounting for poor synchronization to the beat.

TL;DR: The results suggest that MD is characterized by a common locus of arithmetic and VSWM deficits at both the cognitive and functional neuroanatomical levels, and advances the understanding of V SWM as an important domain-general cognitive process in both typical and atypical mathematical skill development.

TL;DR: The observed findings support a central role for the dlPFC in global aspects of general intelligence and make specific recommendations for the interpretation and application of the WAIS and D-KEFS to the study of high-level cognition in health and disease.

TL;DR: Compared patterns of oscillatory activity during maintenance of spatial and temporal information in WM are consistent with the idea that neural oscillatory patterns provide distinct mechanisms for the maintenance of temporal and spatial information inWM.

TL;DR: The idea, derived from computational modeling and studies of synaptic plasticity, that the function relating memory activation to learning is U-shaped, such that moderate levels of memory activation lead to weakening of the memory and higher levels ofactivation lead to strengthening is addressed.

TL;DR: The overall results showed that odor and word cued OEAMs activated regions typically associated with recollection of autobiographical information, and odor cues activated areas related to emotional processing, such as limbic and tempopolar regions significantly more.

TL;DR: Overall, maturation of these networks occurred in specific regions which are associated with cognitive control of goal-directed behavior, including those involved in working memory, social cognition, and inhibitory control.

TL;DR: It is shown that WM integrity in select cerebral regions is associated with higher cognitive abilities and accounts variance not accounted for by PS or age, and while FA is selectively associated with PS; while MD, AD and RD are associated with reasoning, flexibility and PS.

TL;DR: The UF mediates semantic control during word comprehension by connecting regions specialized for cognitive control with those storing word meanings, and these findings support a relationship between structural and functional connectivity measures.

TL;DR: It is concluded that when compared to their typically developing peers, relatively high functioning adults with ADHD still show a deviant neural signature, and the neural correlates of inhibitory control associated with ADHD are increased.

TL;DR: Observations indicate that at a temporal rate of 170 ms (6 faces/s) the face perception network is able to fully discriminate between each individual face presented, providing information about the temporal bottleneck of individual face discrimination in humans.

TL;DR: Although both production and prediction of temporal intervals required the same representation of time for their successful execution, their distinct neural signatures likely reflect the different ways in which this temporal representation was ultimately used.