Journal ArticleDOI
A role for cardiotrophin-like cytokine in the circadian control of mammalian locomotor activity
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TLDR
The results suggest that CLC is probably an SCN output signal important for shaping daily rhythms of behavior; moreover, they indicate an unexpected role for a cytokine in adult brain function.Abstract:
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms of locomotor behavior by releasing factors that act on receptor sites near the third ventricle. Here we show that cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC) satisfies multiple criteria for a circadian regulator of locomotor activity. In the mouse, CLC is expressed in a subpopulation of SCN vasopressin neurons with a circadian rhythm that peaks during the daily period of locomotor quiescence. CLC receptors flank the third ventricle, and acute infusion of CLC into the third ventricle produced a transient blockade of locomotor activity without affecting the circadian clock. The hypothalamic infusion of neutralizing antibodies to the CLC receptor produced extra daily locomotor activity at the time when CLC is maximally expressed. These results suggest that CLC is probably an SCN output signal important for shaping daily rhythms of behavior; moreover, they indicate an unexpected role for a cytokine in adult brain function.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks.
TL;DR: This work discusses knowledge acquired during the past few years on the complex structure and function of the mammalian circadian timing system and some of the SCN output pathways serve as input pathways for peripheral tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock
TL;DR: The general mechanisms of the circadian clockwork are reviewed, recent findings that elucidate tissue-specific expression patterns of the clock genes are described and the importance of circadian regulation in peripheral tissues for an organism's overall well-being is addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian Order and Disorder: Implications for Physiology and Disease
TL;DR: Together, these studies set the scene for applying the knowledge of circadian biology to the understanding and treatment of a range of human diseases, including cancer and metabolic and behavioural disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties
TL;DR: The SCN network synchronizes its component cellular oscillators, reinforces their oscillations, responds to light input by altering their phase distribution, increases their robustness to genetic perturbations, and enhances their precision.
Book ChapterDOI
Molecular components of the Mammalian circadian clock
TL;DR: This work has shown that there are other molecular circadian oscillators which can act independently of the transcription-based clock in all species which have been tested.
References
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A Functional Analysis of Circadian Pacemakers in Nocturnal Rodents. I. The Stability and Lability of Spontaneous Frequency
Serge Daan,Colin S. Pittendrigh +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of non-parametric entrainment of circadian pacemakers is tested for the case of nocturnal rodents using 1 or 2 light pulses per cycle, and the model makes use of the available data on freerunning period (τ) in constant darkness and on phase response curves (PRC) for short light pulses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the CLOCK Protein in the Mammalian Circadian Mechanism
Nicholas Gekakis,David Staknis,David Staknis,David Staknis,Hubert B. Nguyen,Hubert B. Nguyen,Hubert B. Nguyen,Fred C. Davis,Fred C. Davis,Fred C. Davis,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,David P. King,David P. King,David P. King,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Charles J. Weitz,Charles J. Weitz,Charles J. Weitz +21 more
TL;DR: CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers appear to drive the positive component of per transcriptional oscillations, which are thought to underlie circadian rhythmicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Serum Shock Induces Circadian Gene Expression in Mammalian Tissue Culture Cells
TL;DR: The treatment of cultured rat-1 fibroblasts or H35 hepatoma cells with high concentrations of serum induces the circadian expression of various genes whose transcription also oscillates in living animals, and thus mimics light-induced immediate-early gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resetting Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Transgenic Rats
Shin Yamazaki,Rika Numano,Michikazu Abe,Akiko Hida,Ri Ichi Takahashi,Masatsugu Ueda,Gene D. Block,Yoshiyuki Sakaki,Michael Menaker,Hajime Tei +9 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesize that a self-sustained circadian pacemaker in the SCN entrains circadian oscillators in the periphery to maintain adaptive phase control, which is temporarily lost following large, abrupt shifts in the environmental light cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions between heterologous helix-loop-helix proteins generate complexes that bind specifically to a common DNA sequence.
Cornelis Murre,Patrick S. McCaw,H. Vaessin,M. Caudy,Lily Yeh Jan,Yuh Nung Jan,Carlos V. Cabrera,Jean N. Buskin,Stephen D. Hauschka,Andrew B. Lassar,Harold Weintraub,David Baltimore +11 more
TL;DR: The HLH domain can mediate heterodimer formation between either daughterless, E12, or E47 and achaete-scute T3 or MyoD to form proteins with high affinity for the kappa E2 site in the immunoglobulin kappa chain enhancer.