An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation
Luisa T. Molina,Sasha Madronich,Jeffrey S. Gaffney,Eric C. Apel,B. de Foy,Jerome D. Fast,Richard Ferrare,Scott C. Herndon,Jose L. Jimenez,Brian Lamb,Alvaro Osornio-Vargas,Philip B. Russell,James J. Schauer,Philip S. Stevens,Rainer Volkamer,M. Zavala +15 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) – one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city – was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities. The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City during March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully. In this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China
Song Guo,Min Hu,Misti L. Zamora,Jianfei Peng,Dongjie Shang,Jing Zheng,Zhuofei Du,Zhijun Wu,Min Shao,Limin Zeng,Mario J. Molina,Renyi Zhang,Renyi Zhang +12 more
TL;DR: A periodic cycle of PM episodes in Beijing is demonstrated that is governed by meteorological conditions and characterized by two distinct aerosol formation processes of nucleation and growth, but with a small contribution from primary emissions and regional transport of particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of Urban Fine Particulate Matter
Renyi Zhang,Gehui Wang,Song Guo,Misti L. Zamora,Qi Ying,Yun Lin,Weigang Wang,Min Hu,Yuan Wang +8 more
TL;DR: Air pollutants consist of a complex combination of gases and particulate matter, which is emitted directly into the atmosphere or formed in the atmosphere through gas-to-particle conversion (secondary) (Figure 1).
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol composition, sources and processes during wintertime in Beijing, China
Yele Sun,Z. F. Wang,Pingqing Fu,Ting Yang,Qi Jiang,Qi Jiang,Huabin Dong,Jianjun Li,J. J. Jia +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the results from a winter study that was conducted from 21 November 2011 to 20 January 2012 with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and various collocated instruments were presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene.
Ulrich Pöschl,Manabu Shiraiwa +1 more
TL;DR: This work addresses air contaminants and their multiphase chemical interactions at the atmosphere−biosphere interface, including human lungs and skin, plant leaves, cryptogamic covers, soil, and aquatic surfaces, and the chemical interactions of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, as well as carbonaceous combustion aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol classification using airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements – methodology and examples
Sharon P. Burton,Richard Ferrare,Chris A. Hostetler,J. W. Hair,R. R. Rogers,Michael D. Obland,Carolyn F. Butler,A. L. Cook,David B. Harper,Karl D. Froyd +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a methodology based on observations of known aerosol types is used to qualitatively classify the extensive set of airborne high-spectral resolution lidar measurements into eight separate types.
References
More filters
Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles
TL;DR: Results of older bio-kinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect
C. Arden Pope,Douglas W. Dockery +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive evaluation of the research findings provides persuasive evidence that exposure to fine particulate air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues
Mattias Hallquist,John C. Wenger,Urs Baltensperger,Yinon Rudich,David Simpson,David Simpson,Magda Claeys,J. Dommen,Neil M. Donahue,Christian George,Christian George,Allen H. Goldstein,Jacqueline F. Hamilton,Hartmut Herrmann,Thorsten Hoffmann,Yoshiteru Iinuma,Myoseon Jang,Michael E. Jenkin,Jose L. Jimenez,Astrid Kiendler-Scharr,Willy Maenhaut,Gordon McFiggans,Th. F. Mentel,Anne Monod,André S. H. Prévôt,John H. Seinfeld,Jason D. Surratt,Rafal Szmigielski,Jürgen Wildt +28 more
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the atmospheric degradation mechanisms for SOA precursors, gas-particle partitioning theory and analytical techniques used to determine the chemical composition of SOA is presented.
Related Papers (5)
Mexico City aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0) – Part 1: Fine particle composition and organic source apportionment
Allison C. Aiken,Allison C. Aiken,D. Salcedo,Michael J. Cubison,J. A. Huffman,Peter F. DeCarlo,Peter F. DeCarlo,Ingrid M. Ulbrich,Kenneth S. Docherty,Donna Sueper,Joel R. Kimmel,Douglas R. Worsnop,A. Trimborn,M. J. Northway,Elizabeth A. Stone,James J. Schauer,Rainer Volkamer,Edward C. Fortner,Edward C. Fortner,B. de Foy,Jian Wang,Alexander Laskin,Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan,Junsheng Zheng,Renyi Zhang,Jeffrey S. Gaffney,Nancy A. Marley,G. Paredes-Miranda,W. P. Arnott,Luisa T. Molina,G. Sosa,Jose L. Jimenez +31 more
Fast airborne aerosol size and chemistry measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO campaign
Peter F. DeCarlo,Peter F. DeCarlo,Edward J. Dunlea,Joel R. Kimmel,Allison C. Aiken,Donna Sueper,John D. Crounse,Paul O. Wennberg,Louisa K. Emmons,Yohei Shinozuka,Antony D. Clarke,J. Zhou,Jason Tomlinson,Don R. Collins,D. J. Knapp,Andrew J. Weinheimer,Denise D. Montzka,Teresa Campos,Jose L. Jimenez +18 more
Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere
Jose L. Jimenez,Manjula R. Canagaratna,Neil M. Donahue,André S. H. Prévôt,Qi Zhang,Jesse H. Kroll,Peter F. DeCarlo,James Allan,Hugh Coe,Nga L. Ng,Allison C. Aiken,Kenneth S. Docherty,Ingrid M. Ulbrich,Andrew P. Grieshop,Allen L. Robinson,Jonathan Duplissy,Jared D. Smith,Kevin R. Wilson,V. A. Lanz,Christoph Hueglin,Yele Sun,Yele Sun,Jian Tian,Ari Laaksonen,Tomi Raatikainen,Tomi Raatikainen,J. Rautiainen,Petri Vaattovaara,Mikael Ehn,Markku Kulmala,Markku Kulmala,Jason Tomlinson,Don R. Collins,Michael J. Cubison,Edward J. Dunlea,J. A. Huffman,Timothy B. Onasch,M. R. Alfarra,Paul I. Williams,Keith Bower,Yutaka Kondo,Johannes Schneider,Frank Drewnick,Stephan Borrmann,S. Weimer,Kenneth L. Demerjian,D. Salcedo,L. Cottrell,Robert J. Griffin,Akinori Takami,Takao Miyoshi,Shiro Hatakeyama,Akio Shimono,J. Y. Sun,Y. M. Zhang,Katja Dzepina,Joel R. Kimmel,Donna Sueper,J. T. Jayne,Scott C. Herndon,A. Trimborn,Leah R. Williams,Ezra C. Wood,Ann M. Middlebrook,Charles E. Kolb,Urs Baltensperger,Douglas R. Worsnop +66 more