Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Virgin olive oil supplementation and long-term cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized, trial.
Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina,P. Clavero,Estefanía Toledo,Estefanía Toledo,B. San Julian,Ana Sánchez-Tainta,Dolores Corella,Dolores Corella,Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós,Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós,José Alfredo Martínez,José Alfredo Martínez,Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,Miguel Ángel Martínez-González +13 more
TL;DR: A long-term intervention with an EVOO-rich MedDiet resulted in a better cognitive function in comparison with a control diet, however, non-significant differences were found for most cognitive domains.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive impairment and functional outcome after stroke associated with small vessel disease
Vincent Mok,Adrian Wong,W W M Lam,Y H Fan,W.K. Tang,Timothy Kwok,Andrew C. F. Hui,Ka Sing Wong +7 more
TL;DR: Half of the patients with SSVD complained of varying severity of cognitive problems 3 months after stroke, suggesting pre-stroke cognitive decline and previous stroke predict severe cognitive impairment post stroke.
Journal ArticleDOI
Injurious falls in nonambulatory nursing home residents: a comparative study of circumstances, incidence, and risk factors
TL;DR: To determine the circumstances of, incidence of, and risk factors for falls resulting in serious injuries in nonambulatory nursing home residents compared with those for ambulatory residents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associations of Gait Speed and Other Measures of Physical Function With Cognition in a Healthy Cohort of Elderly Persons
Annette L. Fitzpatrick,Catherine K Buchanan,Richard L. Nahin,Steven T. DeKosky,Hal H. Atkinson,Michelle C. Carlson,Jeff D. Williamson +6 more
TL;DR: In very healthy older adults, performance-based measures better predict early cognitive decline than do subjective measures, and tasks requiring greater functional reserve, such as fast-paced walking, appear to be the most sensitive in assessing these relationships.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insomnia and Daytime Sleepiness Are Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly
Isabelle Jaussent,Jean Bouyer,Marie-Laure Ancelin,Tasnime N. Akbaraly,Tasnime N. Akbaraly,Karine Pérès,Karen Ritchie,Karen Ritchie,Alain Besset,Yves Dauvilliers +9 more
TL;DR: Insomnia symptoms, EDS, and the use of medication independently increase the risk of subsequent depression in the elderly, and disturbed sleep and prolonged use of sleep medication may be early indicators or potentially reversible risk factors for depression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.