Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
Citations
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Resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms are related to gray matter volume in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Claudio Babiloni,Filippo Carducci,Roberta Lizio,Fabrizio Vecchio,Annalisa Baglieri,Silvia Bernardini,Enrica Cavedo,Alessandro Bozzao,Carla Buttinelli,Fabrizio Esposito,Franco Giubilei,Guizzaro A,Silvia Marino,Patrizia Montella,Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi,Alberto Redolfi,Andrea Soricelli,Gioacchino Tedeschi,Raffaele Ferri,Giancarlo Rossi-Fedele,Francesca Ursini,Federica Scrascia,Fabrizio Vernieri,Torleif Jan Pedersen,Hans Goran Hardemark,Paolo Maria Rossini,Giovanni B. Frisoni +26 more
TL;DR: In amnesic MCI and AD subjects, abnormalities of resting state cortical EEG rhythms are not epiphenomena but are strictly related to neurodegeneration (atrophy of cortical gray matter) and cognition.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine in relation to severity of Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: The modest beneficial effects of anti-dementia drugs on cognition are independent from dementia severity, and Memantine is more effective on functional incompetence only in severe patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Delirium Superimposed on Dementia Strongly Predicts Worse Outcomes in Older Rehabilitation Inpatients
Alessandro Morandi,Daniel Davis,Donna M. Fick,Renato Turco,Malaz Boustani,Elena Lucchi,Fabio Guerini,Sara Morghen,Tiziana Torpilliesi,Simona Gentile,Alasdair M.J. MacLullich,Marco Trabucchi,Giuseppe Bellelli +12 more
TL;DR: DSD is a strong predictor of functional dependence, institutionalization, and mortality in older patients admitted to a rehabilitation setting, suggesting that strategies to detect DSD routinely in practice should be developed and DSD should be included in prognostic models of health care.
Journal ArticleDOI
Age-related macular degeneration: economic burden and value-based medicine analysis.
Melissa M. Brown,Melissa M. Brown,Gary C. Brown,Gary C. Brown,Joshua D. Stein,Zachary Roth,Joseph Campanella,George R. Beauchamp +7 more
TL;DR: The deleterious effect of AMD on quality of life is markedly underestimated by ophthalmologists who treat patients with AMD, by non-ophthalmic physicians and by the public.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deep frontal and periventricular age related white matter changes but not basal ganglia and infratentorial hyperintensities are associated with falls: cross sectional results from the LADIS study
Christian Blahak,Hansjoerg Baezner,Leonardo Pantoni,Anna Poggesi,Hugues Chabriat,Timo Erkinjuntti,Franz Fazekas,José M. Ferro,Peter Langhorne,John T. O'Brien,Marieke C. Visser,Lars-Olof Wahlund,Gunhild Waldemar,Anders Wallin,Domenico Inzitari,Michael G. Hennerici +15 more
TL;DR: The association of frontal and periventricular ARW MC with falls supports the hypothesis that interruption of frontal subcortical motor circuits lead to balance disturbances and hence to an increased risk for falls in ARWMC.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.