Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin D deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence, determinants and associations with disease activity and disability
Maurizio Rossini,Susanna Maddali Bongi,Giovanni La Montagna,G. Minisola,Nazzarena Malavolta,Luigi Bernini,Enrico Cacace,Luigi Sinigaglia,Ombretta Di Munno,Silvano Adami +9 more
TL;DR: In RA patients vitamin D deficiency is quite common, but similar to that found in control subjects; disease activity and disability scores are inversely related to 25(OH)D levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Two Psychosocial Interventions on White and African American Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia
TL;DR: Brief manual-guided interventions can be effective with White and African American CGs, and greater attention should be paid to possible differential responses to interventions by race and relationship to care recipient.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS): Development and validation of a new anxiety scale
Albert F.G. Leentjens,Kathy Dujardin,Gregory M. Pontone,Sergio E. Starkstein,Daniel Weintraub,Pablo Martinez-Martin +5 more
TL;DR: The Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS) is a reliable and valid anxiety measure for use in PD patients, easy and brief to administer, and has better clinimetric properties than existing anxiety rating scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polypharmacy and frailty: prevalence, relationship, and impact on mortality in a French sample of 2350 old people.
Marie Herr,Marie Herr,Jean-Marie Robine,Juliette Pinot,Juliette Pinot,Jean-Jacques Arvieu,Joël Ankri,Joël Ankri +7 more
TL;DR: To assess the prevalence of polypharmacy and frailty, to examine their association, and to establish their independent and combined effects on mortality in a sample of French old people.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does Multiple Risk Factor Reduction Explain the Reduction in Fall Rate in the Yale FICSIT Trial
TL;DR: The results support the feasibility of implementing and analyzing the effectiveness of a multiple risk factor reduction strategy in the aged and suggest that risk factors reduction at least partially mediated the treatment effect.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.