Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
Citations
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Getting Better and Getting Worse Transitions in Functional Status among Older Americans
TL;DR: Examination of change over 2 years in ability to perform 21 specific functions among Americans 70 years of age and over finds decline in abilityto perform specific functions is more likely when general health and functioning levels are lower and when a person has had a stroke, has arthritis, or has visual or auditory impairment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predictors of functional status in older people living at home.
TL;DR: The pattern of functional changes, both in the direction of improvement and decline, seems to be similar in Spain, and the number of chronic diseases, presence of cognitive problems and depressive symptoms predicted transitions, even after controlling for baseline functional status.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conversion of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia of Alzheimer type is independent to memory deterioration.
Luca Rozzini,Barbara Vicini Chilovi,Marta Conti,Erik Bertoletti,Ilenia Delrio,Marco Trabucchi,Alessandro Padovani +6 more
TL;DR: To plan the care of patients with MCI, it is important to predict as accurately as possible potential risk factors modulating the conversion to AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection.
Anne Labowitz Klee,Beth Maldin,Barbara Edwin,Iqbal A. Poshni,Farzad Mostashari,Annie D. Fine,Marcelle Layton,Denis Nash +7 more
TL;DR: Patients recovering from West Nile virus infection may experience sequelae for months and need to be monitored for months for the effects of the virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline in older adults
Gene L. Bowman,Loïc Dayon,Richard Kirkland,Jérôme Wojcik,Gwendoline Peyratout,India Severin,Hugues Henry,Aikaterini Oikonomidi,Eugenia Migliavacca,Michael Bacher,Julius Popp +10 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that BBB breakdown is associated with cognitive decline and inflammation in nondemented elders is tested and it is found that the latter is more likely than the former.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.