Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of gender in very old age: profiles of functioning and everyday life patterns.
Jacqui Smith,Margret M. Baltes +1 more
TL;DR: Significant gender differences were observed in 13 of 28 aspects of personality, social relationships, everyday activity patterns, and reported well-being in older adults in the Berlin Aging Study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: social support and sense of control as mediators or moderators?
Kee Lee Chou,Iris Chi +1 more
TL;DR: Using multiple regression models, the authors found that sense of control acted as a mediator in the linkage between the number of SLEs and depressive symptoms, even after controlling sociodemographic, and physical health status were applied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selegiline for Alzheimer's disease.
Jacqueline Birks,Leon Flicker +1 more
TL;DR: There is little evidence of adverse effects caused by selegiline, and few withdrew from trials, and the meta-analysis revealed benefits on memory function, shown by improvement in the memory tests from several cognitive tests.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D mapping of ventricular and corpus callosum abnormalities in HIV/AIDS
Paul M. Thompson,Rebecca A. Dutton,Kiralee M. Hayashi,Allen Lu,Sharon E. Lee,Jessica Y. Lee,Oscar L. Lopez,Howard J. Aizenstein,Arthur W. Toga,James T. Becker +9 more
TL;DR: 3D brain MRI maps reveal how brain changes in HIV/AIDS relate to immune decline and impaired cognition, and may offer possible neuroimaging markers for anti-viral drug trials, which gauge how well treatments oppose disease progression in the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mediterranean Diet and Mobility Decline in Older Persons
Yuri Milaneschi,Stefania Bandinelli,Anna Maria Corsi,Fabrizio Lauretani,Giuseppe Paolisso,Ligia J. Dominguez,Richard D. Semba,Toshiko Tanaka,Toshiko Tanaka,Angela Marie Abbatecola,Sameera A. Talegawkar,Jack M. Guralnik,Luigi Ferrucci +12 more
TL;DR: High adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with a slower decline of mobility over time in community-dwelling older persons, and this observation is highly relevant in terms of public health.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.