Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Functional decline in hospitalized older adults.
TL;DR: In older adults who are hospitalized, functional decline can occur in a matter of days, a common result of the older adult’s “cascade to dependency,” in which normal aging changes—combined with bed rest or immobility—result in irreversible physiologic changes, po.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment treated with cholinesterase inhibitors
Luca Rozzini,Daniela Costardi,Barbara Vicini Chilovi,Simone Franzoni,Marco Trabucchi,Alessandro Padovani +5 more
TL;DR: Individuals who have Mild Cognitive Impairment may be in a transitional stage between aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Journal ArticleDOI
Management of prostate cancer in older men: recommendations of a working group of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology.
Jean Pierre Droz,Lodovico Balducci,Michel Bolla,Mark Emberton,John M. Fitzpatrick,Steven Joniau,Michael W. Kattan,Silvio Monfardini,Judd W. Moul,Arash Naeim,Hendrik Van Poppel,Fred Saad,Cora N. Sternberg +12 more
TL;DR: The consensus of the SIOG Prostate Cancer Task Force is that older men with prostate cancer should be managed according to their individual health status, which is mainly driven by the severity of associated comorbid conditions, and not according to chronological age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of falls after hospital discharge.
TL;DR: To determine the incidence of falls within the first month after hospitalization and risk factors associated with falling during this period, a large number of patients with history of falls were surveyed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of HIV RNA and markers of immune activation as predictors of HIV-associated dementia.
Jeffrey J. Sevigny,Steven M. Albert,Michael P. McDermott,Justin C. McArthur,Ned Sacktor,Katherine Conant,Giovanni Schifitto,Ola A. Selnes,Yaakov Stern,Daniel McClernon,Donna Palumbo,Karl Kieburtz,G. Riggs,Bruce A. Cohen,Leon G. Epstein,Karen Marder +15 more
TL;DR: The lack of association between baseline plasma and CSF HIVRNA levels and incident dementia suggests highly active antiretroviral therapy may be affecting CNS viral dynamics, leading to lower HIV RNA levels, and therefore weakening the utility of baseline HIV RNA Levels as predictors of HIV-associated dementia.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.