Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TLDR
Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.Abstract:
THE use of formal devices for assessing function is becoming standard in agencies serving the elderly. In the Gerontological Society's recent contract study on functional assessment (Howell, 1968), a large assortment of rating scales, checklists, and other techniques in use in applied settings was easily assembled. The present state of the trade seems to be one in which each investigator or practitioner feels an inner compusion to make his own scale and to cry that other existent scales cannot possibly fit his own setting. The authors join this company in presenting two scales first standardized on their own population (Lawton, 1969). They take some comfort, however, in the fact that one scale, the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), is largely a scale developed and used by other investigators (Lowenthal, 1964), which was adapted for use in our own institution. The second of the scales, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence. Both of the scales have been tested further for their usefulness in a variety of types of institutions and other facilities serving community-resident older people. Before describing in detail the behavior measured by these two scales, we shall briefly describe the schema of competence into which these behaviors fit (Lawton, 1969). Human behavior is viewed as varying in the degree of complexity required for functioning in a variety of tasks. The lowest level is called life maintenance, followed by the successively more complex levels of func-read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of the relationship between the gut microbiome and dementia: a cross-sectional study conducted in Japan
Naoki Saji,Shumpei Niida,Kenta Murotani,Takayoshi Hisada,Tsuyoshi Tsuduki,Taiki Sugimoto,Ai Kimura,Kenji Toba,Takashi Sakurai +8 more
TL;DR: Multivariable analyses showed that the populations of enterotype I and enterotype III bacteria were strongly associated with dementia, independent of the traditional dementia biomarkers.
Journal Article
La Entrevista de Carga del Cuidador. Utilidad y validez del concepto de carga
Ignacio Montorio Cerrato,María Izal Fernández de Trocóniz,Almudena López López,María Sánchez Colodrón +3 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the un- derlying dimensions of the burden concept and set up the relationships between the identified di- mensions and external criteria which are implied in the care- giving of functional dependent elderly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable negative social exchanges and health.
TL;DR: Trait-state-error models indicated that higher levels of stable negative social exchanges were significantly predictive of lower self-rated health, greater functional limitations, and a higher number of health conditions over 2 years after controlling for initial levels of health and sociodemographic variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Incidence and Extent of Lewy Body-Related α-Synucleinopathy in Aging Human Olfactory Bulb
Renpei Sengoku,Yuko Saito,Masako Ikemura,Hiroyuki Hatsuta,Yoshio Sakiyama,Kazutomi Kanemaru,Tomio Arai,Motoji Sawabe,Noriko Tanaka,Hideki Mochizuki,Kiyoharu Inoue,Shigeo Murayama +11 more
TL;DR: The results indicate a high incidence of LBAS in the aging human OB and suggest that LBAS extends from the periphery to the anterior olfactory nucleus and results in clinical manifestations of LB disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Physical Performance and Mobility Examination
Carol Hutner Winograd,Carolyn M. Lemsky,Michael C. Nevitt,Terrence M. Nordstrom,Anita L. Stewart,Christina J. Miller,Daniel A. Bloch +6 more
TL;DR: The PPME, an observer‐administered, performance‐based instrument assessing 6 domains of physical functioning and mobility for hospitalized elderly is developed and validated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of mental and physical status in institutionalized aged persons
TL;DR: It was found that persons tended to have disabilities consistent with the type of services to be expected in the institution, and patients in state hospitals had the largest number with poor mental functional status, while there was predominance of persons with poor physical functional status found in the nursing homes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lives in Distress
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the " achillogram " is reliable as radioiodine uptake and better than the B.M.R. and the serum cholesterol and also reliable in a given patient when the results of treatment are being followed over a period.