Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel Production from Wet Algal Biomass through in Situ Lipid Hydrolysis and Supercritical Transesterification
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TLDR
In an effort to process wet algal biomass directly, eliminate organic solvent use during lipid extraction, and recover nutrients for reuse, a catalyst-free, two-step technique for algal biodiesel production is developed.Abstract:
In an effort to process wet algal biomass directly, eliminate organic solvent use during lipid extraction, and recover nutrients (e.g., N, P, and glycerol) for reuse, we developed a catalyst-free, two-step technique for algal biodiesel production. In the first step, wet algal biomass (ca. 80% moisture) reacts in subcritical water to hydrolyze intracellular lipids, conglomerate cells into an easily filterable solid that retains the lipids, and produce a sterile, nutrient-rich aqueous phase. In the second step, the wet fatty acid-rich solids undergo supercritical in situ transesterification (SC-IST/E) with ethanol to produce biodiesel in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs). Chlorella vulgaris grown sequentially under photo- and heterotrophic conditions served as the lipid-rich feedstock (53.3% lipids as FAEE). The feedstock and process solids were characterized for lipid components using highly automated microscale extraction and derivatization procedures and high-temperature gas chromatography. Hyd...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Exploiting diversity and synthetic biology for the production of algal biofuels
TL;DR: Algae biofuels can be a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels if sourced from organisms that can be farmed without using valuable arable land, and strain development and process engineering are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae for biofuel production: State of the art review and future prospects
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the available literature is presented, analyzing the influence of parameters such as temperature, holding time and catalyst dosage on the yield and properties of the different product fractions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Lignocellulosic Biomass
TL;DR: In this article, a 2 L Parr stirred pressure vessel was used to apply the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process to a mixed wood feedstock, and the effects of the reaction conditions on product compositions and yields were examined by varying temperature over the range of 215−295 °C and varying reaction hold time over a range of 5−60 min.
Journal ArticleDOI
A critical review of biochemical conversion, sustainability and life cycle assessment of algal biofuels
Anoop Singh,Stig Irving Olsen +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of algal biofuels suggests them to be environmentally better than the fossil fuels but economically it is not yet so attractive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resource demand implications for US algae biofuels production scale-up
TL;DR: In this article, a scenario-based analysis of land, water, CO 2 and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus) demands resulting from algae biofuel feedstock production reaching target levels of 10 billion gallons per year (BGY), 20 BGY, 50 BGY and 100 BGY for four different geographical regions of the United States.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances
Qiang Hu,Milton Sommerfeld,Eric E. Jarvis,Maria L. Ghirardi,Matthew C. Posewitz,Michael Seibert,Aldis Darzins +6 more
TL;DR: A brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent
Atsushi Hara,Norman S. Radin +1 more
TL;DR: An improved method for extracting the lipids from tissues consists of the use of hexane:isopropanol, followed by a wash of the extract with aqueous sodium sulfate to remove nonlipid contaminants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction.
Guy Lepage,Claude C. Roy +1 more
TL;DR: This one-step direct transesterification procedure carried out in methanol-benzene 4:1 with acetyl chloride is superior to currently used methods not onlyBecause of its simplicity and speed, but also because of its added precision.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics
TL;DR: Economics of monoseptic production of microalgae in photobioreactors and the downstream recovery of metabolites are discussed using eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) recovery as a representative case study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters
TL;DR: In this paper, structural features that influence the physical and fuel properties of a fatty ester molecule are chain length, degree of unsaturation, and branching of the chain, as well as the structural features of the fatty acid and the alcohol moieties.