CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults
Jinfang Zhu,William E. Paul +1 more
TLDR
Much of what is known about the 4 CD4 T-cell subsets is summarized, including the history of their discovery, their unique cytokine products and related functions, their distinctive expression of cell surface receptors and their characteristic transcription factors, the regulation of their fate determination, and the consequences of their abnormal activation.About:
This article is published in Blood.The article was published on 2008-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1615 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cellular differentiation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the discovery, functions, and relationships among Th cells; the cytokine and signaling requirements for their development; the networks of transcription factors involved in their differentiation; the epigenetic regulation of their key cytokines and transcription factors; and human diseases involving defective CD4 T cell differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (TFH)
TL;DR: This review discusses recent progress and areas of uncertainty or disagreement in the literature, and debates the developmental relationship between T(FH) cells and other CD4 T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, iTreg).
Journal ArticleDOI
Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation.
Robert J. Johnston,Amanda C. Poholek,Daniel DiToro,Isharat Yusuf,Danelle Eto,Burton E. Barnett,Alexander L. Dent,Joe Craft,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that expression of the transcription factor Bcl6 in CD4+ T cells is both necessary and sufficient for in vivo TFH differentiation and T cell help to B cells in mice, and that Bcl 6 and Blimp-1 play central but opposing roles inTFH differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 Reveals Specificity and Plasticity in Lineage Fate Determination of Differentiating CD4+ T Cells
Gang Wei,Lai Wei,Jinfang Zhu,Chongzhi Zang,Jane Hu-Li,Zhengju Yao,Kairong Cui,Yuka Kanno,Tae-Young Roh,Wendy T. Watford,Dustin E. Schones,Weiqun Peng,Hong-Wei Sun,William E. Paul,John J. O'Shea,Keji Zhao +15 more
TL;DR: Although modifications of signature-cytokine genes (Ifng, Il4, and Il17) partially conform to the expectation of lineage commitment, genes encoding transcription factors like Tbx21 exhibit a broad spectrum of epigenetic states, consistent with the demonstrated T-bet and interferon-gamma induction in nTreg cells.
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Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system.
TL;DR: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is described as an immunomodulator targeting various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), as well as T-lymphocytes and B-LYmphocytes, hence modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.
References
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Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3
TL;DR: Foxp3, which encodes a transcription factor that is genetically defective in an autoimmune and inflammatory syndrome in humans and mice, is specifically expressed in naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells and retroviral gene transfer of Foxp3 converts naïve T cells toward a regulatory T cell phenotype similar to that of naturally occurring CD4+.
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TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal Article
Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
TL;DR: A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished.
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Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells
TL;DR: It is reported that the forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 is specifically expressed in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and is required for their development and function and ectopic expression ofFoxp3 confers suppressor function on peripheral CD4-CD25− T cells.
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Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells.
Estelle Bettelli,Yijun Carrier,Wenda Gao,Thomas Korn,Terry B. Strom,Mohamed Oukka,Howard L. Weiner,Vijay K. Kuchroo +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that IL-6, an acute phase protein induced during inflammation, completely inhibits the generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells induced by TGF-β, and the data demonstrate a dichotomy in thegeneration of pathogenic (TH17) T cells that induce autoimmunity and regulatory (Foxp3+) T Cells that inhibit autoimmune tissue injury.