CD4 T Helper Type 1 and Regulatory T Cells Induced against the Same Epitopes on the Core Protein in Hepatitis C Virus- Infected Persons
Angus Macdonald,Margaret Duffy,Miriam T. Brady,Susan McKiernan,William W. Hall,John Hegarty,Michael P. Curry,Kingston H. G. Mills +7 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that T helper type 1 and regulatory T cells are induced against the same epitopes on the core protein during HCV infection.Abstract:
The factors that determine persistence or clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are poorly understood. The CD4 T cell responses to the HCV core protein were examined in a cohort of women infected with a single genotype of HCV. CD4 T cells from HCV-infected patients secreted interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to peptides from 4 immunodominant regions of the core protein, and these responses were stronger in persistently infected women. Interleukin (IL)-10 was also produced by CD4 T cells from HCV-infected subjects in response to the same core peptides. Furthermore, HCV core-specific CD4 T cell clones secreted either IFN-gamma or IL-10 but not IL-4. These findings demonstrate that T helper type 1 and regulatory T cells are induced against the same epitopes on the core protein during HCV infection.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Georg M. Lauer,Bruce D. Walker +1 more
TL;DR: The institution of blood-screening measures in developed countries has decreased the risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis to a negligible level, but new cases continue to occur mainly as a result of injection-drug use and, to a lesser degree, through other means of percutaneous or mucous-membrane exposure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system
TL;DR: The developing understanding of the far-reaching effects that the commensal flora have on mucosal and systemic immunity and their relevance to the effects of hygiene on human disease is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells in rodents and humans.
Maria Grazia Roncarolo,Silvia Gregori,Manuela Battaglia,Rosa Bacchetta,Katharina Fleischhauer,Megan K. Levings +5 more
TL;DR: Results from clinical protocols using Tr1 cells to modulate immune responses in vivo in autoimmunity, transplantation, and chronic inflammatory diseases will undoubtedly prove the biological relevance of these cells in immunotolerance.
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Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease
TL;DR: Various situations in which the balance between natural Treg cells and effector immune functions influences the outcome of infection are described and how manipulating this equilibrium might be exploited therapeutically are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Redefining Chronic Viral Infection
TL;DR: Changing concepts of etiologies for diseases, especially those with a chronic inflammatory component, as well as how the authors design and interpret genome-wide association studies, and how they vaccinate to limit or control their virome, are required.
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