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Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C19 Genotype and Clopidogrel Therapy: 2013 Update

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TLDR
In this article, an expanded literature review showed that CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles confer increased risks for serious adverse cardiovascular (CV) events among clopidogrel-treated patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 catalyzes the bioactivation of the antiplatelet prodrug clopidogrel, and CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles impair formation of active metabolites, resulting in reduced platelet inhibition. In addition, CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles confer increased risks for serious adverse cardiovascular (CV) events among clopidogrel-treated patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Guideline updates include emphasis on appropriate indication for CYP2C19 genotype–directed antiplatelet therapy, refined recommendations for specific CYP2C19 alleles, and additional evidence from an expanded literature review (updates at http://www.pharmgkb.org).

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Genetic variation in the human cytochrome P450 supergene family

TL;DR: The results suggest that the variant spectrum of human CYP genes is extensive and only a fraction of SNVs has been characterized to date, and the multitude of very rare novel sequence variants indicates that the commonly used SNV platforms are not satisfactory for determining the true genotype.
Journal ArticleDOI

The effect of pharmacogenetic profiling with a clinical decision support tool on healthcare resource utilization and estimated costs in the elderly exposed to polypharmacy.

TL;DR: Patients CYP DNA tested and treated according to the personalized prescribing system had a significant decrease in hospitalizations and emergency department visits, resulting in potential cost savings.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Meta-Analysis: A Constantly Evolving Research Integration Tool

TL;DR: The four articles in this special section onMeta-analysis illustrate some of the complexities entailed in meta-analysis methods and contributes both to advancing this methodology and to the increasing complexities that can befuddle researchers.
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Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

TL;DR: In patients with acute coronary syndromes with scheduled percutaneous coronary intervention, prasugrel therapy was associated with significantly reduced rates of ischemic events, including stent thrombosis, but with an increased risk of major bleeding, including fatal bleeding.
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Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

TL;DR: In patients who have an acute coronary syndrome with or without ST-segment elevation, treatment with ticagrelor as compared with clopidogrel significantly reduced the rate of death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke without an increase in the rates of overall major bleeding but with an increase of non-procedure-related bleeding.

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TL;DR: A systematic review of studies published from January 1, 1950, through November 31, 2008 using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and all Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews found that randomized clinical trials and prospective studies of RRTs that reported data on changes in the primary outcome of hospital mortality or the secondary outcome of cardiopulmonary arrest cases were included.
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Genetic Structure of Human Populations

TL;DR: General agreement of genetic and predefined populations suggests that self-reported ancestry can facilitate assessments of epidemiological risks but does not obviate the need to use genetic information in genetic association studies.
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