Journal ArticleDOI
Coccolithovirus facilitation of carbon export in the North Atlantic
Christien P. Laber,Jonathan E. Hunter,Filipa Carvalho,Filipa Carvalho,James R. Collins,Elias Hunter,Brittany M. Schieler,Emmanuel Boss,Kuldeep D. More,Miguel J. Frada,Kimberlee Thamatrakoln,Christopher M. Brown,Liti Haramaty,Justin E. Ossolinski,Helen F. Fredricks,Jozef I. Nissimov,Rebecca Vandzura,Rebecca Vandzura,Uri Sheyn,Yoav Lehahn,Yoav Lehahn,Robert J. Chant,Ana Martins,Marco J. L. Coolen,Assaf Vardi,Giacomo R. DiTullio,Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy,Kay D. Bidle +27 more
TLDR
These findings reveal viral infection as a previously unrecognized ecosystem process enhancing biological pump efficiency and a coupling between viral infection of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom and the export of organic and inorganic carbon from the photic zone.Abstract:
Marine phytoplankton account for approximately half of global primary productivity
1
, making their fate an important driver of the marine carbon cycle. Viruses are thought to recycle more than one-quarter of oceanic photosynthetically fixed organic carbon
2
, which can stimulate nutrient regeneration, primary production and upper ocean respiration
2
via lytic infection and the ‘virus shunt’. Ultimately, this limits the trophic transfer of carbon and energy to both higher food webs and the deep ocean
2
. Using imagery taken by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite, along with a suite of diagnostic lipid- and gene-based molecular biomarkers, in situ optical sensors and sediment traps, we show that Coccolithovirus infections of mesoscale (~100 km) Emiliania huxleyi blooms in the North Atlantic are coupled with particle aggregation, high zooplankton grazing and greater downward vertical fluxes of both particulate organic and particulate inorganic carbon from the upper mixed layer. Our analyses captured blooms in different phases of infection (early, late and post) and revealed the highest export flux in ‘early-infected blooms’ with sinking particles being disproportionately enriched with infected cells and subsequently remineralized at depth in the mesopelagic. Our findings reveal viral infection as a previously unrecognized ecosystem process enhancing biological pump efficiency.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Phage Puppet Masters of the Marine Microbial Realm
TL;DR: The ‘royal family model’ is proposed as a hypothesis to describe successional patterns of bacteria and phages over time in marine systems, where despite high richness and significant seasonal differences, only a small number of phages appear to continually dominate a given marine ecosystem.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolic and biogeochemical consequences of viral infection in aquatic ecosystems.
Amy E. Zimmerman,Cristina Howard-Varona,David M. Needham,Seth G. John,Alexandra Z. Worden,Alexandra Z. Worden,Matthew B. Sullivan,Jacob R. Waldbauer,Maureen L. Coleman +8 more
TL;DR: There is a need for understanding viral infection dynamics in realistic physiological and environmental contexts to better predict their biogeochemical consequences, and metabolic reprogramming of host cells during viral infection alters the flow of energy and nutrients in aquatic ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tara Oceans: towards global ocean ecosystems biology.
Shinichi Sunagawa,Silvia G. Acinas,Peer Bork,Peer Bork,Chris Bowler,Tara Oceans Coordinators,Damien Eveillard,Gabriel Gorsky,Lionel Guidi,Daniele Iudicone,Eric Karsenti,Fabien Lombard,Hiroyuki Ogata,Stephane Pesant,Matthew B. Sullivan,Patrick Wincker,Colomban de Vargas +16 more
TL;DR: The work of Tara Oceans is reviewed, an international, multidisciplinary project to assess the complexity of ocean life across comprehensive taxonomic and spatial scales and how an ecosystems biology approach has expanded understanding of plankton diversity and ecology in the ocean as a planetary, interconnected ecosystem.
Journal ArticleDOI
A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators.
David M. Needham,Susumu Yoshizawa,Toshiaki Hosaka,Camille Poirier,Camille Poirier,Chang Jae Choi,Chang Jae Choi,Elisabeth Hehenberger,Elisabeth Hehenberger,Nicholas A.T. Irwin,Susanne Wilken,Cheuk Man Yung,Cheuk Man Yung,Charles Bachy,Rika Kurihara,Yu Nakajima,Keiichi Kojima,Tomomi Kimura-Someya,Guy Leonard,Rex R. Malmstrom,Daniel R. Mende,Daniel K. Olson,Yuki Sudo,Sebastian Sudek,Thomas A. Richards,Edward F. DeLong,Patrick J. Keeling,Alyson E. Santoro,Mikako Shirouzu,Wataru Iwasaki,Alexandra Z. Worden,Alexandra Z. Worden +31 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the rhodopsin shared by ChoanoViruses and PgV binds retinal and pumps protons when illuminated, indicating that light-dependent energy transfer systems are likely common components of giant viruses of photosynthetic and phagotrophic marine eukaryotes.
Journal Article
Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments
TL;DR: In this paper, a fluorometric method is described which provides sensitive measurements of extracted chlorophyll a free from the errors associated with conventional acidification techniques, while maintaining desensitized responses from both Chl b and pheopigments.
References
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