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DANMAP 2016 - Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark

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Borck Høg, Birgitte; Korsgaard, Helle Bisgaard; Wolff Sönksen, Ute; Torpdahl, Mia; Vorobieva, Veronika as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract
Borck Høg, Birgitte; Korsgaard, Helle Bisgaard; Wolff Sönksen, Ute; Bager, Flemming; Bortolaia, Valeria; Ellis-Iversen, Johanne; Hendriksen, Rene S.; Borck Høg, Birgitte; Jensen, Lars Bogø; Korsgaard, Helle Bisgaard; Pedersen, Karl; Dalby, Tine; Træholt Franck, Kristina ; Hammerum, Anette M; Hasman, Henrik; Hoffmann, Steen; Gaardbo Kuhn, Katrin; Rhod Larsen, Anders; Larsen, Jesper; Møller Nielsen, Eva; Schytte Olsen, Stefan; Petersen, Andreas; Roer, Louise; Skovgaard, Sissel; Wolff Sönksen, Ute; Torpdahl, Mia; Vorobieva, Veronika

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Antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance in the meat chain: A report from five countries in the European Union and European Economic Area

TL;DR: This review describes the AMR monitoring and surveillance programmes in five selected countries within European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) and concludes that the science-based monitoring of AMR should encompass the whole food chain, supported with public health surveillance and should be conducted in accordance with ‘Zoonoses Directive’.
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Risk characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat products

TL;DR: The objective of this work was to determine the qualitative risk characterization of the presence of Salmonella resistant strains in meat products and to highlight the importance of continued surveillance and the need to take measures in the primary sector in order to minimize the risk for the consumer.
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Molecular Characterization of Equine Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Exhibiting Reduced Oxacillin Susceptibility.

TL;DR: Phenotypic resistance to penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was observed in the respective isolates and β-lactamase activity was found to be associated with an inducible blaZ gene.
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Detection of oxazolidinone and phenicol resistant enterococcal isolates from duck feces and carcasses.

TL;DR: To prevent the introduction of last-resort antimicrobials into food chain, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in duck is imperative.
References
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Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus : a side-effect of environmental fungicide use?

Abstract: Invasive aspergillosis due to multi-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus has emerged in the Netherlands since 1999, with 6.0-12.8% of patients harbouring resistant isolates. The presence of a single resistance mechanism (denoted by TR/L98H), which consists of a substitution at codon 98 of cyp51A and a 34-bp tandem repeat in the gene-promoter region, was found in over 90% of clinical A fumigatus isolates. This is consistent with a route of resistance development through exposure to azole compounds in the environment. Indeed, TR/L98H A fumigatus isolates were cultured from soil and compost, were shown to be cross-resistant to azole fungicides, and genetically related to clinical resistant isolates. Azoles are abundantly used in the environment and the presence of A fumigatus resistant to medical triazoles is a major challenge because of the possibility of worldwide spread of resistant isolates. Reports of TR/L98H in other European countries indicate that resistance might already be spreading.
Journal ArticleDOI

Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: Can We Retain the Clinical Use of Mold-Active Antifungal Azoles?

TL;DR: Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus has now been reported from 6 continents and is emerging as a global health problem.
Journal ArticleDOI

A new probability formula for surveys to substantiate freedom from disease.

TL;DR: A new formula is presented that calculates the exact probability of detecting diseased animals, and considers both imperfect tests and finite population size, and enables the accurate calculation of survey sample-size requirements, and the precise analysis of survey results.
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