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Journal ArticleDOI

Drug screening in 3D in vitro tumor models: overcoming current pitfalls of efficacy read-outs.

TLDR
This review is focused on the several challenges and adjustments that the field of oncology research is facing to translate these advanced tumor cells models to drug discovery, taking advantage of the progress on culture technologies, imaging platforms, high throughput and automated systems.
Abstract
There is cumulating evidence that in vitro 3D tumor models with increased physiological relevance can improve the predictive value of pre-clinical research and ultimately contribute to achieve decisions earlier during the development of cancer-targeted therapies. Due to the role of tumor microenvironment in the response of tumor cells to therapeutics, the incorporation of different elements of the tumor niche on cell model design is expected to contribute to the establishment of more predictive in vitro tumor models. This review is focused on the several challenges and adjustments that the field of oncology research is facing to translate these advanced tumor cells models to drug discovery, taking advantage of the progress on culture technologies, imaging platforms, high throughput and automated systems. The choice of 3D cell model, the experimental design, choice of read-outs and interpretation of data obtained from 3D cell models are critical aspects when considering their implementation in drug discovery. In this review, we foresee some of these aspects and depict the potential directions of pre-clinical oncology drug discovery towards improved prediction of drug efficacy.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy.

TL;DR: In this article, a big effort has been made to develop new therapeutic strategies towards a more efficient targeting of tumor microenvironment (TME) components, extending from conventional therapeutics, to combined therapies and nanomedicines; and the development of models that accurately resemble the TME for bench investigations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bioprinting for Neural Tissue Engineering.

TL;DR: A range of bioprinted neural tissue models are reviewed and discussed how they can be used to observe how neurons behave, understand disease processes, develop new therapies and, ultimately, design replacement tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI

Application of Cancer Organoid Model for Drug Screening and Personalized Therapy.

TL;DR: Recent progress regarding experimental cancer models having more physiological and clinical relevance for drug screening are outlined, which are important for the successful evaluation of cellular response to drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI

Advanced cell culture platforms: a growing quest for emulating natural tissues

TL;DR: Topographical substrates, controlling cell adhesion in two and three dimensions, are reviewed and compared with two- and three-dimensional models.
Journal ArticleDOI

Anticancer drug discovery using multicellular tumor spheroid models.

TL;DR: The present review focuses on available techniques for generating tumor spheroids and discusses current and future applications in the field of drug discovery, including 3D tumor models on which to perform in vitro drug screening.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity

TL;DR: The results indicate that large, annotated cell-line collections may help to enable preclinical stratification schemata for anticancer agents and the generation of genetic predictions of drug response in the preclinical setting and their incorporation into cancer clinical trial design could speed the emergence of ‘personalized’ therapeutic regimens.
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Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling

TL;DR: Reduction of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen crosslinking prevented MMTV-Neu-induced fibrosis, decreased focal adhesions and PI3K activity, impeded malignancy, and lowered tumor incidence, and data show how collagenCrosslinking can modulate tissue fibrosis and stiffness to force focal adhesion, growth factor signaling and breast malignancies.
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Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium.

TL;DR: A technology that can be used to study infected, inflammatory, or neoplastic tissues from the human gastrointestinal tract is developed that might have applications in regenerative biology through ex vivo expansion of the intestinal epithelia.
Journal ArticleDOI

Microfluidic organs-on-chips

TL;DR: A microfluidic cell culture device created with microchip manufacturing methods that contains continuously perfused chambers inhabited by living cells arranged to simulate tissue- and organ-level physiology has great potential to advance the study of tissue development, organ physiology and disease etiology.
Journal ArticleDOI

Systematic identification of genomic markers of drug sensitivity in cancer cells

TL;DR: It was found that mutated cancer genes were associated with cellular response to most currently available cancer drugs, and systematic pharmacogenomic profiling in cancer cell lines provides a powerful biomarker discovery platform to guide rational cancer therapeutic strategies.
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